Recent laws in the United States and Europe that mandate the increasing
use of biofuel in cars have had far - flung ripple effects, economists say, as land once devoted to growing food for humans is now sometimes more profitably used for churning out vehicle fuel.
, which would increase
the use of biofuel in home heating oil, City Hall steps, Manhattan.
- Promoting and rushing
the use of biofuels in one of the biggest markets in the world can cause indirect social impacts in the place of their production or manufacture, for the simple reason that biofuels take up land.
Promoting and rushing
the use of biofuels in one of the biggest markets in the world can cause indirect social impacts in the place of their production or manufacture, for the simple reason that biofuels take up land.
Even the relatively small
use of biofuels in Europe that relies on North American wood pellets is already causing land - use impacts in the southeastern United States (John Upton of Climate Central has recently published an excellent report on this titled Pulp Fiction).
Not exact matches
After graduating with a degree
in Architecture from Cambridge, she spent a year as Operations Manager aboard the record - breaking
biofueled powerboat Earthrace, where she traveled 25,000 miles, visited 120 cities, and ran a campaign to promote the
use of alternative fuels.
Ten years ago Silicon Valley legend Vinod Khosla famously predicted that with
biofuels there is «no doubt that 100 %
of our gasoline
use can be displaced
in the next 25 years.»
«The study says it will be very hard to make a
biofuel that has a better greenhouse gas impact than gasoline
using corn residue,» which puts it
in the same boat as corn - based ethanol, said David Tilman, a professor at the University
of Minnesota who has done research on
biofuels» emissions from the farm to the tailpipe.
Matt Ridley, for example,
in his recent book, The Rational Optimist, argues that the oil sands are a much more sane solution to current energy needs than things like wind (too unreliable and too little output) and
biofuels (wasteful
use of land).
In addition, 82 %
of Sodexo's accounts are recovering
used cooking oil to be reused as a sustainable
biofuel.
According to Lupardo, both the stalk and seed from hemp can be
used in the production
of a variety
of goods including textiles, building materials, paper, food, and environmental products such as
biofuels.
The
use of petrol and diesel engines to power cars will also need to be «much less dominant» and replaced with electric power and
biofuels, a policy meeting
in the House
of Commons heard.
The
biofuels mandate would require all petroleum - based heating oil sold
in the state to contain 2 percent or more
of soybean oil and / or spent vegetable oils, such as those
used in frying foods, a supposed effort to reduce greenhouse gases.
Indeed, there is progress
in developing
biofuels for the airline industry, so to abate carbon monoxide emissions and lead - based hazards; however, if the Ranch planes are not currently
using biofuels exclusively, it is difficult to accept the integrity
of Tracey's platform.
«We want to be the nation's leader
in hemp production,» Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo said Wednesday shortly before signing legislation intended to boost the commercialization
of industrial hemp, which is
used in some 25,000 products from cosmetics and animal feed to clothing and
biofuels.
Osman is hoping to continue his research into how these catalysts can be further improved and explore the opportunities for commercialisation
of biofuel production or
use the modified alumina catalyst
in the catalytic converters
in natural gas vehicles.
In April, the US government launched a National Bioeconomy Blueprint, which foresees hugely increased
biofuel use and the construction
of giant refineries that churn out plastics, fibres and chemicals made by genetically engineered plants.
Increasingly, it is
used in the commercial food industry due to its high content
of saturated fat, and it has even been tested as a potential
biofuel.
In a paper released for discussion in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent of the nitrogen in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse ga
In a paper released for discussion
in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent of the nitrogen in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse ga
in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent
of the nitrogen
in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse ga
in the fertilizers
used to raise crops for
biofuels could end up
in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse ga
in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gas.
But it's hard to get excited about
biofuels when they already have such a bad rep.. The
use of corn and sugar
in fuels has driven up the cost
of food by a whopping 75 percent worldwide, according to a recent report by the World Bank.
In addition, changing the land
use from wild grasslands to cropland can minimize the carbon benefits
of biofuels (ClimateWire, April 6).
In contrast, soot produced by burning biofuels is often a product of dung - or wood - powered cookstoves used indoors and in densely populated area
In contrast, soot produced by burning
biofuels is often a product
of dung - or wood - powered cookstoves
used indoors and
in densely populated area
in densely populated areas.
And unlike the corn
used to produce ethanol
in the United States, algae do not compete with food for farmland, one
of the biggest problems with current
biofuels.
These include the ability to bring new, innovative products to the market; progress
in oncology, such as the approval
of Genentech's drug Avastin for breast cancer and advances
in the
use of gene therapy, despite some setbacks; continuing progress
in research on stem cells; the emergence
of treatments for previously untreated diseases; and solutions for food and fuel shortages, such as biocrops and
biofuels.
Burning food crops for power is the worst
use of scarce land imaginable, and has already led to a situation where there is a direct conflict between food and energy: a significant proportion
of the food - price spike
in 2008 (and a further spike
in early 2011), which led to widespread hunger and bread riots
in many poorer countries, was driven by crops being withdrawn from international markets to produce
biofuels for transport.
Boeing has tested two such «vegetable - based
biofuels» with this antifreezing property
in the General Electric jet engines
used on many
of its 747 aircraft, Daggett says.
This is obvious
in the most egregious example
of all: the clearing
of tropical rainforest
in Malaysia and Indonesia for oil - palm plantations, at least a third
of which are
used to produce feedstocks for
biofuels (the rest goes into processed food, from chocolate to cooking oil, and cosmetics).
«We know that,
in many ways, land
use can have severe ecological impacts, for example, biodiversity loss; an extreme and inequitable competition for land, water and energy; and carbon emissions, an adverse impact
of converting corn to
biofuels.
The topic is one
of many covered
in the broad UNEP survey
of issues surrounding «sustainable» production and
use of biofuels and notes wide variation
in greenhouse gas emissions reductions and increases that
biofuels can spur.
«API supports the
use of advanced
biofuels, including cellulosic
biofuels, once they are commercially viable and
in demand by consumers.
Further steps could include pushing for more renewable energy; an aggressive cut
in the
use of coal and natural gas to make electricity; wider
use of electric cars,
biofuel, and hydrogen fuel; changes
in farming practices; and putting a price on carbon pollution.
Even
in a cool climate as
in Finland, algae might be
used to produce biochemicals and
biofuels, besides
use in capture
of industrial carbon dioxide emissions.
Thus, up to 86 %
of the
biofuels used in the EU
in 2013 achieved the certificate
of sustainability,
in accordance with the Community norms.
This signaling pathway could be
used to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency
of plants subject to water and nutrient deficiencies, with potential applications
in agriculture and reactor - based crop development for green chemistry and algae - based
biofuel solutions.
Chemical engineer Inés Reyero Zaragoza proposed the substitution
of methanol by ethanol for the production
of biodiesel and the
use of a heterogeneous catalyst, which will «result
in a reduction
of costs and
in the environmental impact associated with the production
of this
biofuel.»
«These results reinforce the need for public policies to encourage the
use of biofuels, as they clearly show that the public loses
in health what they save at the pump when opting for gasoline,» Artaxo said.
The reason
using existing cropland for
biofuels tends not to show up as yielding large reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions is simply because those croplands are already absorbing large quantities
of carbon.
«Bacteria development marks new era
in cellular design: Scientists have built a miniature scaffold inside bacteria that can be
used to bolster cellular productivity, with implications for the next generation
of biofuel production.»
The oil industry unsuccessfully urged the EPA to lower the federal mandate to
use 16.55 billion gallons
of biofuels in 2013, saying it would unduly burden refiners.
For example, the metabolically engineered microbes that are sometimes
used to produce
biofuels and chemicals are currently subject to genetically modified organism (GMO) regulations, while the molecules they produce are subject to chemical regulations such as the Toxic Substances Control Act
in the United States and the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction
of Chemicals (REACH)
in Europe.
Study author Catherine Bowyer says the next generation
of biofuels, made from wastes or wood rather than crops, would have less impact on land
use than
biofuels made from crops, but «the policy is also not effectively stimulating advancements
in biofuel technologies».
Monroe Energy, a subsidiary
of Delta Air Lines that operates the Trainer refinery complex
in Pennsylvania, said the EPA's decision not to cut 2013
biofuel targets did not take into account that companies might need to carry over some ethanol credits for
use in 2014, when it finalized the 2013 targets.
Unfortunately, the enzymes
used in past glucose
biofuel cells were not suitable for implants, because they either required highly acidic conditions to work or were inhibited by a variety
of ions found
in the body.
Since transportation and storage
of biomass add to the overall production cost if the materials aren't located near the
biofuels facility, agricultural areas are the best location for renewable biomass to be
used in ethanol production.
Materials such as carbon - coated magnets, which can be
used as catalysts
in biorefineries — say,
in the production
of biofuels — have been produced
in the reactor.
In writing about the
use of second - generation biomass, such as plant waste and paper, to produce
biofuels, Helen Knight did...
In less than five minutes, Ingber, the institute's 56 - year - old director, has pointed out a mattress that could prevent life - threatening sleep apnea in newborns; simulated lungs, intestines, and hearts made of silicone rubber using microchip manufacturing technology; and a machine that forces mutations in bacteria, directing their evolution so they can produce low - cost biofuels and drug
In less than five minutes, Ingber, the institute's 56 - year - old director, has pointed out a mattress that could prevent life - threatening sleep apnea
in newborns; simulated lungs, intestines, and hearts made of silicone rubber using microchip manufacturing technology; and a machine that forces mutations in bacteria, directing their evolution so they can produce low - cost biofuels and drug
in newborns; simulated lungs, intestines, and hearts made
of silicone rubber
using microchip manufacturing technology; and a machine that forces mutations
in bacteria, directing their evolution so they can produce low - cost biofuels and drug
in bacteria, directing their evolution so they can produce low - cost
biofuels and drugs.
Professor McGeehan said: «The engineering process is much the same as for enzymes currently being
used in bio-washing detergents and
in the manufacture
of biofuels — the technology exists and it's well within the possibility that
in the coming years we will see an industrially viable process to turn PET and potentially other substrates like PEF, PLA, and PBS, back into their original building blocks so that they can be sustainably recycled.»
Palm oil also has the best energy balance
of any commercial product currently
used in biofuel applications, yielding about 9 times the energy required to produce it, according to Dr. Martienssen.
That method could make a difference
in cellulosic
biofuel plants, which produce ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance
in addressing the tradeoff
of using agricultural land to grow corn for fuel rather than for food.