The use of cell surface markers to isolate specific cell populations is one common method for separating cells; however, isolating live cells based on their RNA expression is a powerful new way enabling the study of small cell niches in nongenetically modified animal models and human tissue.
Not exact matches
Several studies have
used cell -
surface markers — proteins found on the outer membranes
of tumor
cells — to identify glioblastoma stem
cells; but the specific
markers used have been controversial and can not reflect molecular processes going on within tumor
cells.
In breast cancer, CSCs or tumor - initiating
cells were first identified by
using a combination
of cell surface markers, CD24 − / CD44 + / ESA (EpCAM) + (2).
Purified
cells were
surface stained for a variety
of leukocyte
markers and analyzed
using flow cytometry.
To characterize activation
of immune
cells, measurement
of intracellular signaling
using phospho - specific antibodies combined with immune phenotyping
using surface markers is ideal.
Positive clones were then differentiated
using defined serum - free conditions outlined in Ng, et al [7], which overall gave rise to a CD45 + CD56 + CD117 − CD94 + population
of cytotoxic NK
cells [8] expressing the CD4 construct and other
surface markers in a similar manner to peripheral blood NK
cells.
Most
of these CSCs have been identified
using surface markers that identify their corresponding normal tissue stem and progenitor
cells, thus reinforcing the resemblance
of tumor development to normal organogenesis.
We derived a fibroblast line from a skin biopsy from a healthy adult male (HUF1)(Figure 1A) and
used immunocytochemistry to characterize the expression
of cell surface markers commonly expressed on pluripotent stem
cells (Figure 1B, C and D).
Our laboratory
used two monoclonal antibodies, GCTM - 2 and TG30, recognizing the
cell surface proteoglycan characteristic
of primate ES
cells and CD9 respectively, to fractionate human ES
cell populations into four compartments according to their relative levels
of expression
of both
markers [14].