The findings of a study published last month shed light on the reasons autism may be more prevalent in men than in women, and prompted the experts» calls for more frequent
use of mouse models.
The mouse phenogenomics and the good practices regarding
the use of mouse models for scientific research
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Good practices:
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Not exact matches
Currently SQZ is developing its technology further
using mouse models and human blood experiments to understand its mechanisms
of action more fully.
Using a «gnotobiotic
mouse model» — where
mice were «colonized with a synthetic human gut microbiota composed
of fully sequenced commensal bacteria» — Desai et al reported on the effects
of different diets with different fibre content.
The resulting inoculation looks promising in both ferrets and
mice, the most commonly
used models of influenza infection.
In the new work, published June 10 in the journal Scientific Reports, Zhao, Reid and colleagues
used a highly sensitive probe to measure electrical fields in the corneas
of isolated eyes from three different lab
mouse models with different types
of diabetes: genetic, drug - induced and in
mice fed a high - fat diet.
Jeffrey Noebels and his team at Baylor College
of Medicine in Houston, Texas
used two genetic
mouse models of absence epilepsy and compared them to unaffected
mice.
The researchers collected samples
of indoor dust from 11 homes in North Carolina and tested extracts from the samples in a
mouse pre-adipocyte cell
model, 3T3 - L1 cells, often
used to test compounds for potential effects on the accumulation
of triglycerides, a type
of fat.
Using the
mouse as an experimental
model, LMU neurobiologist PD Dr. Conny Kopp - Scheinpflug and her research group have now demonstrated that the activity
of nerve cells in the auditory system has a direct effect on myelinization — higher levels
of activity correlate with the formation
of thicker myelin sheaths.
For researchers
using mouse models to study a variety
of cancers, including lymphoma, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers as well as autoimmune and infectious diseases, the panel facilitates a highly sensitive and high - throughput investigation
of biomarkers associated with disease progression.
Using a
mouse model that expresses an altered form
of the normal human prion protein, researchers at University
of California, San Diego School
of Medicine have determined why the human proteins aren't corrupted when exposed to the elk prions.
These findings allowed researchers to create a chimera virus: a
mouse virus with a human viral gene that can be
used to test molecules that inhibit human LANA protein in an animal
model of disease, treating not only human herpes virus infection but also its associated cancers.
Using a flexible
mouse model, her team set out to determine whether anything could be done to restore memory «after a significant number
of neurons are lost in the brain.»
The behavioral tests
used here
modeled one dimension
of the disease — an inability to experience pleasure from normal activities — but not others, such as stress and anxiety, and probably tap into different brain mechanisms in
mice than in humans, he says.
Burd and her colleagues
used a
mouse model to study what happens to the brains
of those offspring as they age into adulthood to see if the effects persisted.
Researchers have
used CRISPR to treat an adult
mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
That, he says, suggests that the widely
used mouse model of cystic fibrosis «might not be appropriate.»
The study results were found
using mouse embryonic stem cells, which are good cell
models for the study
of processes seen in human stem cells.
The positive effect
of sialic acid Neu5Gc on the respiratory system was confirmed
using a
mouse -
model: The Neu5Gc molecules consumed with food improved the pulmonary function
of the
mice, therefore reducing asthma symptoms.
Dr Luis Pedro Coelho, commented: «These findings suggest that dogs could be a better
model for nutrition studies than pigs or
mice and we could potentially
use data from dogs to study the impact
of diet on gut microbiota in humans, and humans could be a good
model to study the nutrition
of dogs.
This is a highly limiting factor for research, because it complicates the annotation
of data obtained by molecular techniques, and because it has been shown that gut microbiomes are to some extent specific to their host, and researchers have been
using strains
of other origin in
mouse models.
Researchers then tested cell cultures and
mouse models by
using a gene editing process called CRISPR - Cas9 to demonstrate how the presence or absence
of myomaker and myomerger — both individually and in unison — affect cell fusion and muscle formation.
In this new study published in Nature, Alexandra Van Keymeulen and colleagues
used state
of the art genetic
mouse models to identify the cellular origin
of PIK3CA and p53 induced breast tumors.
Dr. Erez and her team
used mouse models to study and follow the spontaneous metastasis
of melanoma in the brain.
«We know that 70 - 75 percent
of glioblastoma patients undergo surgery for tumor debulking, and we have previously shown that MSCs encapsulated in biocompatible gels can be
used as therapeutic agents in a
mouse model that mimics this debulking,» he continued.
This is an image
of neurons in the somatosensory cortex
of mouse models of epilepsy
used in the study.
Again,
using mouse models of glioblastoma — this time created from brain tumor cells that were resistant to the herpes virus — the therapy led to increased animal survival.
For this study, Guttridge, first author David J. Wang, who developed many
of the study's concepts, and their colleagues monitored NF - kB activity during tumor development
using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and two
mouse models.
«The
mouse is one
of the most utilised
models for studying human biology and we
use it for creating
models of human illnesses and testing new drugs and therapies.
The scientists tested the new compound
using a
mouse model of TB and found that substituting R207910 for one
of three antibiotics in a treatment cocktail significantly reduced the time required to clear the animals» lungs
of bacteria.
When the team
used the retinoid fenretinide along with anti-estrogen therapy in
mouse models of breast cancer, they did not see the expansion
of CK5 + cells previously seen with anti-estrogen therapy alone.
The UT Southwestern group had previously
used CRISPR - Cas9, the original gene - editing system, to correct the Duchenne defect in a
mouse model of the disease and in human cells.
The researchers then
used a combination
of existing United States Food and Drug Administration - approved drugs to target autophagy and found ovarian cancer cells to be highly sensitive to these drugs in several different
mouse cancer
models — even among cells resistant to standard chemotherapy.
In this study, the Hiroshima University researchers developed an animal
model using severely immunodeficient
mice whose livers were partially populated with human cells, in order to reconstruct elements
of the human immune system.
The researchers
used two different
mouse models of diabetes to study the effects
of the diet.
In a series
of experiments
using mouse and rat
models of depression reported today in Nature, Hu and her colleagues found that ketamine did affect the lateral habenula — but it was the pattern
of firing, rather than the overall amount
of activity, that proved crucial.
While
mouse models have traditionally been
used in studying the genetic disorder, Deng said the animal
model is inadequate because the human brain is more complicated, and much
of that complexity arises from astroglia cells, the star - shaped cells that play an important role in the physical structure
of the brain as well as in the transmission
of nerve impulses.
In the current work, they
used a new variation
of the gene - editing system to repair the defect in both a
mouse model and in human cells.
The new study,
using an experimental
mouse model of diabetes, is published online in the journal PLOS One.
Geha led an investigation
using two separate
mouse models of eczema, each recreating a separate pathway leading to allergic skin inflammation.
Using a
mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication
of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds
of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement
of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.
Researchers at The University
of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center developed a novel chimeric
mouse model to test the combination therapy
using immune checkpoint blockades with therapies targeting myeloid - derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).
In their study, Stephanie Cherqui, PhD, associate professor in the UC San Diego School
of Medicine Department
of Pediatrics, and colleagues
used a transgenic
mouse model that expresses two mutant human FXN transgenes, and exhibits the resulting progressive neurological degeneration and muscle weakness.
«The next steps are to fully define the role
of the interferon response in the development
of Down syndrome
using mouse models.