There are no ethical or moral concerns with
the use of stem cells from one's own body as these cells are adult and not embryonic.
Research involving the derivation and
use of stem cells from cadaveric foetal tissues is permissible, subject to the informed consent of the tissue donor.
Research involving the derivation and
use of stem cells from adult tissues is permissible, subject to the informed consent of the tissue donor.
Not exact matches
Since its foundation in 2005, the NYSCF has become a leader in
using stem cell research and technology to find cures for a range
of diseases,
from heart disease and diabetes to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
This includes a
stem cell research centre, a network
of drug discovery institutes and a # 20 million global clinical development fund dedicated to supporting Phase I and II clinical trials; and a # 2 million collaboration between University
of Cambridge and University College London that will
use donated
cells from people with Alzheimer's to test potential new treatments
Before you scream too loudly over this move by President Obama, keep in mind that the prohibition for
using federal funds under the executive order by President Bush did not stop the practice
of harvesting
stem cells from unused embryos in fertility clinics.
According to Science Daily, Dr. Nagy, senior investigator at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute
of Mount Sinai Hospital, there is a «new method
of generating
stem cells that does not require embryos as starting points and could be
used to generate
cells from many adult tissues such as a patient's own skin
cells.»
The difficulties associated with obtaining nerve tissue at the correct stage
of development and differentiation
from aborted embryos means that foetal tissue transplantation is no longer in favour, but the creation
of human embryos specifically as sources
of stem cells, and the push to
use «spare» embryos
from IVF treatments is gatheringmomentum.
If ESCR
using «excess» embryos
from IVE» continues, the next step will likely be the pursuit
of such «therapeutic» cloning — the creation
of embryos through somatic
cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to provide individually tailored
stem cell therapies.
As we read this history, the furor over
stem cells was fueled by numerous factors: the near - universal human desire for magic; patients» desperation in the face
of illness and their hope for cures; the belief that biology can now do anything; the reluctance
of scientists to accept any limits (particularly moral limits) on their research; the impact
of big money
from biotech stocks, patents, and federal funding; the willingness
of America's elite class to
use every means possible to discredit religion in general; and the need to protect the unlimited abortion license by accepting no protections
of unborn human life.
Whilst acknowledging that many questions remain unanswered in the debate between those who would advocate the
use of stem cells taken
from human embryos, and those experimenting on
stem cells drawn
from tissues
of the adult human body, there is a lengthy discussion
of the moral status
of the human embryo as being a crucial matter in this regard.
In addition, there may be applications where the
use of one's own
stem cells are needed, even if
stem cells from an identical twin are available.
As well as allowing the
use of stem cells grown
from established
cell lines, the technology could enable the creation
of improved human tissue models for drug testing and potentially even purpose - built replacement organs.
The Muotri lab
uses induced pluripotent
stem cells from patients with autism and schizophrenia to look for biomarkers
of these conditions.
Trials
of cells made
from human embryonic
stem cells are also poised to begin in people with type 1 diabetes and heart failure, the first time embryonic
stem cells have been
used in the treatment
of major lethal diseases.
Both diseases result
from the death
of retinal
cells, a process that Lanza suspects can be slowed or even halted
using stem -
cell - derived replacements.
Working with Skeletal Biologists at Southampton General Hospital, Catarina is investigating new optical techniques to monitor the development
of the
cells,
used in new regenerative medicine approaches — in this case, to create and grow cartilage
from human
stem cells.
For Konrad Hochedlinger
of the Harvard
Stem Cell Institue, it was a bad start to the week: Just after 6 a.m. last Monday, he and a bevy
of others received an unsigned e-mail
from a virtually untraceable address,
[email protected], pointing out what it said «appears to be duplicated images and embryos
used in a Nature manuscript published in 2009.»
Using a mathematical model known as the Ising model, invented to describe phase transitions in statistical physics, such as how a substance changes
from liquid to gas, the Johns Hopkins researchers calculated the probability distribution
of methylation along the genome in several different human
cell types, including normal and cancerous colon, lung and liver
cells, as well as brain, skin, blood and embryonic
stem cells.
The Porteus team started with human
stem cells from the blood
of patients with sickle
cell disease, corrected the gene mutation
using CRISPR and then concentrated the human
stem cells so that 90 percent carried the corrected sickle
cell gene.
But the factor that may make the discovery very significant is that umbilical cord blood can be saved, stored and multiplied without any
of the ethical dilemmas facing embryonic
stem cell use, which are derived
from human fetuses.
Research involving the derivation and
use of embryonic
stem (ES)
cells is permissible only where there is strong scientific merit in, and potential medical benefit
from, such research.
In addition, where
cells derived
from embryonic
stem cells are great at proliferating — a potentially critical feature if one wants to grow sufficient numbers
of cells for clinical
use — ones
from the iPS lines were much feebler.
The act
of reprogramming
cells to make them as capable as ones
from embryos apparently can result in aberrant
cells that age and die abnormally, suggesting there is a long way to go to prove such
cells are really like embryonic
stem cells and can find
use in therapies.
ERRORS have occurred in a type
of stem cell that could be
used instead
of embryonic
stem cells — and in tissues made
from them.
One example
of this research is the practice
of using stem cells taken
from a healthy eye's limbus, the area around the cornea where
stem cells are stored, to create a layer
of healthy
cells to replace damaged ones in the cornea, the transparent, dome - shaped layer
of cells covering the front
of the eye.
Most
of those errors
stem from the
cell - lysis protocols scientists have been
using.
The Champalimaud Center for Translation Eye Research (C - TRACER), part
of the LV Prasad Eye Institute in Hyderabad, India, will continue research begun by LV Prasad scientists, who
use eye
stem cells from living adults to grow new
cells that are then implanted into damaged eyes.
We don't need to
use a cocktail
of small molecules, growth factors or other supplements to create a population
of bone
cells from human pluripotent
stem cells like induced pluripotent
stem cells,» Varghese said.
The
stem cells, derived
from human umbilical cord - blood and coaxed into an embryonic - like state, were grown without the conventional
use of viruses, which can mutate genes and initiate cancers, according to the scientists.
The new method, described in the journal
Stem Cells Translational Medicine, could be used to generate large numbers of muscle cells and muscle progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem ce
Stem Cells Translational Medicine, could be used to generate large numbers of muscle cells and muscle progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem c
Cells Translational Medicine, could be
used to generate large numbers
of muscle
cells and muscle progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem c
cells and muscle progenitors directly
from human pluripotent
stem ce
stem cellscells.
The researchers have now reported in the journal Nature that the normal process
of blood formation differs
from what scientists had previously assumed when
using data
from stem cell transplantations.
In May 2013, Mitalipov was the first scientist in the world to demonstrate the successful
use of somatic
cell nuclear transfer, or SCNT, to produce human embryonic
stem cells from an individual's skin
cell.
Using tumor samples
from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living clinical trial, researchers identified
stem - like tumor
cells as being characterized by low levels
of the molecule p53 upregulated modulator
of apoptosis (PUMA).
To see whether cancer
stem cell renewal involves a chain
of events similar to that
used by embryonic
stem cells, and whether the process was affected by oxygen levels, Semenza and graduate student Chuanzhao Zhang focused their studies on two human breast cancer
cell lines that responded to low oxygen by ramping up production
of the protein ALKBH5, which removes methyl groups
from mRNAs.
Instead
of using white blood
cells, the British researchers, working with a Dutch group, want to take
stem cells from bone marrow and insert the ADA gene into these.
The research team
used mass spectrometry to compare phosphorylation
of proteins
from mouse embryonic
stem cells with fully functioning GSK - 3 to
cells in which the gene encoding GSK - 3 had been deleted.
In a collaborative effort between the Gladstone laboratories
of Benoit Bruneau, PhD, Katherine Pollard, PhD, and Dr. Srivastava, the scientists
used stem cell technology to make large amounts
of endothelial
cells from patients with CAVD, comparing them to healthy
cells and mapping their genetic and epigenetic changes as they developed into valve
cells.
Stem cell researchers call them «a major step in the right direction,» although some were disappointed that NIH didn't open the door to the
use of embryos created for research purposes — including through somatic
cell nuclear transfer (cloning) and parthenogenesis (
from an unfertilized egg).
Prof Tony Green, an author
from the Wellcome Trust - MRC
Stem Cell Institute and Cambridge University, said: «The SC3 tool was able to
use patterns
of gene expression to distinguish, within an individual cancer, subclones that carried different mutations.
«There have been previous reports
of other labs deriving beta
cell types
from stem cells, no other group has produced mature beta
cells as suitable for
use in patients,» he said.
To unravel the complex signaling pathway map, the scientists
used their own findings
from the analysis
of factors regulated up or down in the interplay between tissue and
stem cells, linking them with the signaling pathways described in existing literature.
Last January, the House
of Representatives voted, 253 to 174, to pass a bill, H.R. 3, that would allow researchers to
use leftover embryos
from in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics to create new lines
of embryonic
stem cells, and in April, the Senate passed its version
of the bill.
Using fluorescent markers, Fuchs and her colleagues isolated two distinct populations
of stem cells from mouse skin.
The
stem cells used to treat Paizley, specific to the blood, came
from the bone marrow
of a healthy adult donor.
To perform this lifesaving work, scien - tists
use adult
stem cells derived
from the
cells of mature or recently born humans or animals.
«
Use of induced pluripotent
stem cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking skin
cells from patients and reprogramming them into embryonic - like
stem cells capable
of turning into other specific
cell types relevant for studying a particular disease — «makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie
of KU Leuven.
• News
from the World
of Adult -
Stem Cell Research • At the University
of California at Los Angeles, Marc Hedrick's team
used human adult fat
cells extracted during liposuction to make
cells resembling cartilage, bone, and muscle.
Previous experiments
using stem cells from embryos have shown promise in replacing lost
cells, but the
use of these is controversial.
In recent years, Muotri and colleagues have created in vitro cellular models
of autism
using reprogrammed induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSC) derived
from discarded baby teeth
of children with autism, work dubbed the «tooth fairy project.»