Not exact matches
And some diseases that spread among people might turn out to be nearly impossible to predict
using satellite and environmental data beyond what researchers already know about
seasonal cycles, like that for the
seasonal flu.
Novavax says that during Phase IIa of
seasonal flu vaccine testing, which began in May, it was able in the majority of people tested to surpass the FDA's requirements for producing enough antibodies to protect the body from the H3N2, H1N1 and B viruses — all of which were common enough a year ago to be
used to develop
flu vaccines for the 2008 to 2009
flu season.
So, researchers at CDC and collaborators
used a lab technique called reverse genetics to make combinations of H3N2, a
seasonal human
flu strain, and the 1997 strain of H5N1.
Although the world's attention is focused on the novel H1N1 virus causing the swine
flu pandemic, H3N2, a
seasonal strain of influenza, has popped up in many East Asian countries — and some variants in circulation may outfox the
seasonal vaccine in
use.
Using X-ray crystallography, performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, Cusack and colleagues were able to determine the atomic structure of the whole polymerase from two strains of influenza: influenza B, one of the strains that cause
seasonal flu in humans, but which evolves slowly and therefore isn't considered a pandemic threat; and the strain of influenza A — the fast - evolving strain that affects humans, birds and other animals and can cause pandemics — that infects bats.
While this year's vaccine is a much better match to the circulating
seasonal strains of influenza, the shifty nature of the virus and the need to pick the viruses
used to make global vaccine stocks well before the onset of the
flu season can make vaccine strain selection a shot in the dark.
During the 2014 - 15
flu season, the poor match between the virus
used to make the world's vaccine stocks and the circulating
seasonal virus yielded a vaccine that was less than 20 percent effective.
Like many influenza virologists, John Steel of Emory University in Atlanta often
uses a feeble lab strain of influenza in his studies of how
seasonal flu spreads.
Their study shows that the drugs are all but useless in the yearly battle against
seasonal flu, while further deflating hopes they might be
used to fight a pandemic.
Amantadine and rimantadine are primarily
used to treat
seasonal flu in the United States and Japan, for instance, in nursing homes, says Arnold Monto, an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor — but their
use is bound to decline now, he adds.
Although respirator
use made sense at the beginning of the swine
flu pandemic, it now appears that H1N1 behaves similarly to
seasonal influenza, Dr. Rupp says, so «it does nt make much sense to be
using different precautions for
seasonal flu than we
use for H1N1.»
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use of Daily Detox offers powerful antioxidant protection against
seasonal colds and
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