Sentences with phrase «used by electrons»

Not exact matches

These machines use lasers — or, in some cases, high - power electron beams — to draw shapes in a layer of metal powder by melting the material.

Scientists buoy our longing for clarity by enumerating laws and speaking of atoms and electrons, but, laments Camus even they are reduced to using the «poetry» of planetary systems, i.e., they Can not rationally seize the reality they study.

Within physics complementary models are used in the domain of the unobservably small, whose characteristics seem to be radically unlike those of everyday objects; the electron can not be adequately visualized or consistently described by familiar analogies.

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A detailed view of TRPM8's structure, obtained using cryo - electron microscopy, was published by a different research group online December 7 in Science.

Using computer simulations, they modeled the response of the plasma confined in loops to the energy transported by energetic electrons.

Using a scanning electron microscope to examine minute fossils, Porter found perfectly circular drill holes that may have been formed by an ancient relation of Vampyrellidae amoebae.

Instead of relying on light waves emitted by electrons, it would use radiation emitted when the nucleus is excited to a high energy state, and then drops into a lower energy state.

In solution, the salt dissociates into silver cations, allowing production of silver metal deposits by electrochemical reduction reaction using solvated secondary electrons rather direct molecular decomposition.

Surprisingly, Jarillo - Herrero and colleagues report, the same material can also be nudged into becoming an insulator — in which electrons are stuck in place — by using an electric field to remove electrons from the material.

Hochstein and her collaborators from MSU, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Germany learned more about the structure of the Acidianus virus by using a combination of cryo - electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography.

Solid - state systems, such as those in computers and communication devices, use electrons; their electronic signaling and power are controlled by field - effect transistors.

This was complemented by obtaining high - resolution images and electron diffraction patterns of the material's atomic structure using Hokkaido University's high voltage electron microscope.

Using a recently installed high - powered electron microscope at Imperial, a team of researchers lead by Dr Morgan Beeby from the Department of Life Sciences has been able visualize these motors in unprecedented detail.

Hydrogen production using this material is enhanced not only by the broader spectrum of light absorption, but by the more efficient electron conduction, caused by the unique interface between two dimensional materials of BP and LTO.

This achievement has been made possible by using high - resolution cryo - electron microscopy, a technique brought to the CNIO thanks to Óscar Llorca, director of the Structural Biology Programme and lead author on the paper published in Nature Communications.

By using this high - power laser, it is now possible to generate all of the high - energy quantum beams (electrons, ions, gamma ray, neutron, positron).

A team led by Latha Venkataraman, professor of applied physics and chemistry at Columbia Engineering and Xavier Roy, assistant professor of chemistry (Arts & Sciences), published a study today in Nature Nanotechnology that is the first to reproducibly demonstrate current blockade — the ability to switch a device from the insulating to the conducting state where charge is added and removed one electron at a time — using atomically precise molecular clusters at room temperature.

In lab experiments, scientists found that the longer it took the rock to cool, the larger the resulting crystals, allowing researchers to use crystal size to determine how long a rock was hot and its electrons susceptible to alignment by magnetic fields.

Their real breakthrough, however, is discovering the use of an intermediate dielectric coating (hafnium) to block the quenching of the free electrons in the metal by the CNTs, allowing the nanotubes to function uninhibited.

By engravings using electron beam lithography, the waveguides of several micrometers in length are provided with finest cavities of a few nanometers in size.

By understanding and using the different states achieved when an electron's spin rotates, researchers could potentially increase information storage capacity in computers, for example.

By using an advanced experimental set - up, the team was able to record all electrons and ions that were created at every X-ray absorption event.

Bond and her collaborators are using metal - coated nanotubes bunched together like a jungle canopy to amplify the signals of both the incident and Raman scattered light by exciting local electron plasmons.

By preserving the electrons and enhancing the light through the use of nanotube jungles, the team is able to significantly increase the SERS» detection sensitivities in CNTs structures.

By using thousands of images, they reconstructed a high - resolution cryo - electron microscopy structure of the Zika virus.

«This is similar to x-ray diffraction, but by using electrons we get a much larger signal, and the high energy of the probe electrons gives us better access to measuring the precise motion of atoms,» Zhu said.

The researchers» next goal is «to manipulate and control a single electron and its spin on double - dot single - electron devices by using asymmetric side-gate electrodes to demonstrate spin qubits,» said Majima.

The machine developed by the Brookhaven team uses a laser pulse to give electrons in a sample material a «kick» of energy.

He and his group now plan to enhance still further the resolution attainable with their cryo - electron microscope, and will then use it to investigate the structures of ribosomes that have been brought to a halt by other chemical agents.

An international team led by researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) used advanced techniques in electron microscopy to show how the ratio of materials that make up a lithium - ion battery electrode affects its structure at the atomic level, and how the surface is very different from the rest of the material.

This process of activating oxygen molecules by adding electrons is ubiquitous — all living organisms use this trick, and modern fuel cells also work in this way.

«Whether we add an electron using the microscope or by irradiating the titanium oxide — the end result is the same,» says Ulrike Diebold.

In 2005 researchers at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., created a metamaterial with a negative refractive index in the near - infrared portion of the spectrum using ultrathin gold nanorods 100 nanometers by 700 nanometers to conduct clouds of electrons.

To observe the doubling of electrons, the researchers used only 1.2 volts, the typical voltage supplied by an AA battery.

They have also discovered that the electron beam can be simultaneously tuned to stimulate specific chemical reactions by using it as a source of energy as well as an imaging tool.

The group of Majed Chergui at EPFL, along with national and international colleagues, have shed light on this long - standing question by using a combination of cutting - edge experimental methods: steady - state angle - resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), which maps the energetics of the electrons along the different axis in the solid; spectroscopic ellipsometry, which determines the optical properties of the solid with high accuracy; and ultrafast two - dimensional deep - ultraviolet spectroscopy, used for the first time in the study of materials, along with state - of - the - art first - principles theoretical tools.

By using as sources supersonic jets of hydrogen or helium containing small concentrations of heavier molecules we have been able to obtain molecular beams with kinetic energies of the heavy molecules well into the range above I electron volt.

This is a schematic of an optical tweezer used in a vacuum chamber by Purdue University researchers, who controlled the «electron spin» of a levitated nanodiamond.

This motion would be detected by measuring image charges, which are induced by the moving electrons, flowing through another electrode using a commercially available current amplifier and lock - in detector.

I had completed a postdoc with Prof. Michael Rossmann during which I studied virus - receptor relationships by using x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy.

Using tunneling ionization and ultrashort laser pulses, scientists have been able to observe the structure of a molecule and the changes that take place within billionths of a billionth of a second when it is excited by an electron impact.

The team showed that by using a powerful magnetic field and very low temperatures, below — 450 degrees Fahrenheit -LRB--- 270 degrees Celsius), they could read the state of electrons in a silicon wafer, potential qubits, using electrical current, and were able to extend the usable lifetime of those qubits dramatically.

Co-author Professor Angus Kirkland, from the Department of Materials at Oxford University and Science Director at the new electron Physical Science Imaging Centre (ePSIC) at Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, described the breakthrough as an exemplar of how Oxford is able to respond to key academic and industrial problems by using interdisciplinary resources and expertise.

The researchers observed this effect by using particle detectors to monitor the flight paths of electrons emitted from the near - fields of the nanospheres within the passage of the laser pulse.

The international scientific team, led by author Charles W. Kosman, used an electron microprobe, an infrared spectrometer and a secondary ion mass spectrometer to analyze these diamonds.

After removing one of the atom's electrons, researchers trapped the atom using electric fields and cooled it to less than a thousandth of a degree above absolute zero -LRB--- 273.15 ° Celsius) by hitting it with laser light.

By using data from electron - positron colliders, he says, the theorists managed to reduce this largest uncertainty.

The TSRI laboratories of Professor Erica Ollmann Saphire and Assistant Professor Andrew Ward are studying the structures of these antibodies using techniques called electron microscopy, which creates high - resolution images by hitting samples with electrons, and X-ray crystallography, which determines the atomic structure of crystalline arrays of proteins.

By using electron and positron beams instead of heavier protons, the ILC will allow physicists to probe particle properties with much greater precision than they can at the LHC.