Sentences with phrase «used by muscle cells»

Beta - Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is used by muscle cells to synthesize carnosine.

BCAAs can be used by muscle cells as an energy source, which may help offset muscle breakdown during endurance exercise and help support recovery and repair after weight training.

Not exact matches

Rather than being used by muscles for energy, the glucose is redirected to fat cells.

Researchers then tested cell cultures and mouse models by using a gene editing process called CRISPR - Cas9 to demonstrate how the presence or absence of myomaker and myomerger — both individually and in unison — affect cell fusion and muscle formation.

Action potentials can be created by many types of cells, but are used most extensively by the nervous system for communication between neurons and to transmit information from neurons to other body tissues such as muscles and glands.

The result was the largest deletion ever observed in the dystrophin gene using CRISPR / Cas9, and the study was the first to create corrected human iPS cells that could directly restore functional muscle tissue affected by Duchenne.

The same basic proteins used by platelets are also used in movements in muscle and other cells.

Previous research conducted by Dr. Badylak's team suggested that ECM also could be used to regenerate lost muscle by placing the material in the injury site where it signals the body to recruit stem and other progenitor cells to rebuild healthy tissue.

Benjaminson and his team have extracted stem cells from fish embryos and used them to grow muscle cells by stimulating them electrically, mechanically, hormonally and nutritionally.

For the first time, scientists found that in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the affected nerve cells that control muscle movement, or motor neurons, have defects in their mitochondria, which generate energy used by the cell.

Mitochondria help injured muscle cells (myofibers) repair by soaking up calcium that enters from the site of injury and using it to trigger increased production of reactive oxygen species.

Shenoy's lab pioneered the algorithms used to decode the complex volleys of electrical signals fired by nerve cells in the motor cortex, the brain's command center for movement, and convert them in real time into actions ordinarily executed by spinal cord and muscles.

For their study, the Max Planck researchers used genetically modified fish larvae, in which the targeted muscle cells of the heart chamber were destroyed by the administration of a substance.

A particular type of stem cell found in muscle can give rise to new muscle tissue, so a team led by geneticist Luis Garcia of Généthon, a nonprofit biotechnology firm in Évry, France, investigated whether these cells could be used to reverse the dystrophin problems.

By examining β1 - integrin molecules and the array of proteins that they used to track stem cell activity in aged muscles, the authors found that all of these proteins looked like they had been removed from aged stem cells.

The researchers suggest that since the adult muscle stem cells are only activated when injury occurs (by trauma or exercise), they use a new set of genes from those used during embryonic development, which proceeds without injury.

Using mouse skeletal muscle stem cells as a model, we show that accumulating transcripts specifying the myogenic program are not translated in quiescent satellite cells, but are repressed by the action of microRNAs and RNA binding proteins.

INO - 3112 is injected into a muscle followed by electroporation, a technique that uses controlled, millisecond electrical pulses that make it easier for the DNA plasmids to enter muscle cells.

Minoxidil, which also promotes hair growth when used on the scalp, can relax the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels by opening certain potassium channels.

In a study using human muscle tissue, scientists in Children's Stem Cell Research Center - led by Johnny Huard, PhD, and Bruno Péault, PhD - isolated and characterized stem cells taken from blood vessels (known as myoendothelial cells) that are easily isolated using cell - sorting techniques, proliferate rapidly and can be differentiated in the laboratory into muscle, bone and cartilage ceCell Research Center - led by Johnny Huard, PhD, and Bruno Péault, PhD - isolated and characterized stem cells taken from blood vessels (known as myoendothelial cells) that are easily isolated using cell - sorting techniques, proliferate rapidly and can be differentiated in the laboratory into muscle, bone and cartilage cecell - sorting techniques, proliferate rapidly and can be differentiated in the laboratory into muscle, bone and cartilage cells.

This ground - breaking research could lead to a novel way to repair heart damage after a heart attack using a patient's own cells by converting them within the organ into new muscle.

CINCINNATI - Scientists used an experimental targeted molecular therapy to block a matrix - forming protein in heart cells damaged by heart attack, reducing levels of scarred muscle tissue and saving mouse models from heart failure.

An alternative approach pioneered by Deepak Srivastava, MD, director of cardiovascular and stem cell research at Gladstone, used genes to convert scar - forming cells in the heart of animals into new muscle that improved the function of the heart.

In ketosis, the fat cells break down triglycerides into fatty acids, and those fatty acids are used as the energy source by the liver and muscles.

Although most of us won't have the need to learn how to create a high effective workout only by using the worn out, limited equipment in a jail yard, or in the tiny space of a prison cell, we could all benefit from the fitness wisdom of prisoners all over the world, who are constantly inventing new creative ways to build muscle and strength with the minimum resources possible.

Insulin has the capacity to bind with the receptors on muscle cells and fat cells and the enable the glucose to pass inside the cells where it's burned and used by the cells as energy source.

Research findings over the last decade suggest inducing greater muscle cell activity by increasing the intensity of the exercise with the use of heavy weights in order to achieve greater growth.

This type of drugs was used for many decades, since skeletal muscle will respond to the exact same meds by increasing the production of heat and numerous processes within the cells, a type known as thermogenic weight - loss meds.

* [Branched chain amino acids are not metabolized by the liver; they are used primarily by muscle cells.]

By doing this though, you allow the protein to be used for cell repair, immune system and muscle building.

Fats are used by your body to make repairs on damaged muscles, organs, cells, tissues, etc..

A final note on the fate of amino acids - once absorbed, amino acids can be used directly by cells for the synthesis of new enzymes or new cell structures, for the building of structural proteins (such as actin and myosin in the muscles), for the synthesis of OTHER amino acids (via transamination), or used for energy.

Future use of IGF - 1 will no doubt involve gene therapy, which directly targets genes that produce IGF - 1 in muscle, usually by attaching specific gene activators to an inactive virus or vector that then enters into muscle cells.

The drug works by increasing the natural metabolism of the body while targeting fat cells for energy burning use while saving important muscle fibers.

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Whether that glucose comes from carbohydrates, from protein via gluconeogenesis, or from glycerol (a byproduct of fatty acid metabolism), excess amounts in the blood stream that aren't immediately used are transported by insulin to muscle and liver cells and get converted to glycogen.

TINCTURES Arrowleaf Balsam Root Tincture — used as a tonic, strengthens the immune system by stimulating white blood cell activity Elderberry Tincture — concentrated for virus prevention and treatment, the berries contain proteins that inhibit viruses from entering cells Lomatium Root Tincture — used to treat H1N1 and H3N2 flu virus as an M2 inhibitor (starves viruses and keeps them from replicating), and completely inhibits cytopathic effects of the rotavirus Osha Root Tincture — a powerful antiviral and antibacterial agent for respiratory infections, alleviating mucous membrane pressure from inflammation to open bronchial passages Usnea Tincture — antibacterial that inhibits 16 known gram - positive bacteria (both the resistant and non-resistant strains) Valerian Root Tincture — smooth muscle relaxant for insomnia, back pain and sciatica

Essentially, it's about how are body divvy's up calories into fuel (immediate energy used by the muscle) or storage into your fat cells.

Quick Lean Muscle Mass: The product uses nitrogen retention to increase the amount of protein developed by your cells.

These are adipose tissue hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) which is responsible for the release of fat from your fat cells, and muscle tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which is responsible for the uptake of fat by your muscle cells where it is used for energy.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is a measure of how well your body is able to transport oxygen to your muscles during prolonged exercise, and also of how well your muscles are able to absorb and use the oxygen, once it has been delivered, to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy via cellular respiration (cellular respiration is a chemical process in your body's cells that converts the energy stored in the food you eat into the ATP form of energy that is recruited for use by your muscles).

It's the amino acid used most by your body during times of stress, and it's the key to metabolism and maintenance of muscle, cell division, and cell growth.

METHODS: Glucose uptake was measured in L6 muscle cells using the non-metabolized glucose analogue 2 - deoxy - d - glucose (2DG), and in isolated muscles by glucose disappearance from the incubation medium.

These helpful bacteria also create two other short - chain fatty acids, propionic and acetic acid, which are used as fuel by the cells of the liver and muscles.

ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type of white blood cell Baso basophil — type of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)

Researchers are now able to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to form a model of human adult - like cardiac muscle by introducing electric and mechanical stimulation at an early stage.