Sentences with phrase «used by the enzymes»

Wong's method of synthesising SLex is similar to that used by the enzymes which make it naturally.

It is produced by photophosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes.

One way to direct a reaction is to isolate molecules and to hold them together to get regioselective reactions; this is the strategy used by enzymes in many biochemical reactions.

Glucose and inositol are oxidized in the liver to glucuronic acid and then bound into uridine diphosphate glucuronate (UDG), which is used by the enzyme uridine diphosphate transglucuronylase to convert 2 - OH estrone, 4 - OH estrone, 16α - OH estrone, estradiol or estriol into water - soluble glucuronides, which can be excreted through the urine as well as bile.

Not exact matches

One approach used by Cubist is to target the enzymes produced by drug - resistant bacteria that degrade antibiotic agents and render them useless.

What about some 2,000 proteins that are used by a human cell as enzymes?

By using restriction enzymes, it is possible to open up a plasmid (a self - replicating circular piece of DNA) and then match it up with a piece of DNA from any source that has been acted upon by the same enzymBy using restriction enzymes, it is possible to open up a plasmid (a self - replicating circular piece of DNA) and then match it up with a piece of DNA from any source that has been acted upon by the same enzymby the same enzyme.

The sense in which the word choice is used in this context is similar to the way it is used earlier in this chapter in accounting for the different enzymes produced by the bacterium Escherichia coli.

Composed of vegetal origin products, acid - resistant DRcaps ™ capsules provide an easy - to - use, coating - free dosage form which provides protection from stomach acid for acid sensitive ingredients like probiotics and enzymes, and can be used by most consumers regardless of cultural, religious or dietary boundaries.

This distinctive trait is rendered possible by the combined action of cheese maturation and enzymes naturally found in milk and through the use of processing aids such as «scotta innesto» (starter culture with a high microbial biodiversity) and calf rennet paste.

Gluten removed beers are made from traditional grains like barley, but then the gluten is removed, often by using an enzyme to remove the gluten.

There are four different types of lactase deficiency — a lack of the enzyme that breaks down lactose into simple sugars that can then be used by the body, meaning that lactose may pass into the large intestine without being properly broken down — that may lead to intestinal discomfort.

TruePrime LB addresses current liquid biopsy sensitivity and specificity issues by using adapted amplification of cancer - specific, large - fragment, cell - free DNA based on primer - free technology that combines the enzymes TthPrimPol and Phi29 DNA polymerase.

Primed by enzymes that Rienhoff added, the single - stranded molecules served as templates for building others, which were used to synthesize more single strands, en masse.

Nanog and Sox2 are among the enzymes used by researchers to generate iPSCs, therefore ZFP217 may represent another tool needed to achieve tight control over cell reprogramming.

Fischetti and his colleagues used a phage - encoded molecule to identify a bacterial target enzyme called 2 - epimerase, which is used by Bacillus anthracis to synthesize an essential cell wall structure.

For hs - CRP, levels were measured by an independent laboratory using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Modifying enzyme used by CRISPR brings four times more DNA within reach of its molecular scissors

To help visualize these brief, transient interactions, Li and Wahl turned to a molecule called luciferase, an enzyme that generates bioluminescence of the sort used by fireflies to make their bodies glow.

Using the same computer - based approach, the team has now been able to target the c - FLIP (cellular FLICE [FADD - like IL - 1β - converting enzyme]- inhibitory) protein, known to play a key role in cancer stem cell maintenance and survival, described in previously published work by the Institute.

The study, «AKR1B1 promotes basal - like breast cancer progression by a positive feedback loop that activates the EMT program,» which has been published in The Journal of Experimental Medicine, suggests that an inhibitor of this enzyme currently used to treat diabetes patients could be an effective therapy for this frequently deadly form of cancer.

The peptides were later used by researchers at Bristol - Myers Squibb to develop the first group of angiotensin - converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

This drug is normally used to treat acute myeloid leukemia, and it works by inhibiting the enzyme that puts methyl groups on DNA.

The drug works by inhibiting an enzyme used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to replicate and spread throughout the body.

The fraudsters sidestep these problems by breaking the pectins into shorter fragments using enzymes — the chemical equivalent of shredding the evidence.

By dramatically improving the speed and efficiency of conversion over conventional approaches, these enzymes could stimulate efforts to grow crops for fuel, with implications for biodiversity in the form of increased land use for this purpose, potential shifts away from fossil fuel use and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

The new study shows that the synthetic compound is capable of inhibiting the activities of several DNA - processing enzymes, including the «integrase» used by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to insert its genome into that of its host cell.

Koo's team had previously discovered that an enzyme, GftB, secreted by S. mutans, uses sugar from the diet to manufacture glue - like polymers called glucans.

«We think the use of the mRNA nanoparticle provides an additional level of safety by making sure the enzyme is not present for too long a period of time.»

By using enzyme tests and mass spectrometric studies using special 13C - labelled substrates (metabolite profiling), the scientists demonstrated that the new inhibitor primarily blocks the enzymes Pks13 and Ag85.

Hosts infected by viruses found new uses for the genetic material the agents of disease left behind; metabolic enzymes somehow came to refract light rays through the eye's lens; mammals took advantage of the sutures between the skull bones to help their young pass through the birth canal; and, in the signature example, feathers appeared in fossils before the ancestors of modern birds took to the skies.

The structure of this enzyme was elucidated by isolating clones from a bovine brain complementary DNA library through the use of oligonucleotide probes derived from partial amino acid sequence.

«The nanoparticle mimics the behavior of NADPH oxidase, an enzyme used by immune cells to kill tumor cells and infectious agents.

Unfortunately, the enzymes used in past glucose biofuel cells were not suitable for implants, because they either required highly acidic conditions to work or were inhibited by a variety of ions found in the body.

«We discovered the enzyme YihQ, which is used by bacteria to absorb and metabolise these sulfur - containing sugars as food,» he said.

Researchers from Melbourne and the UK identified a previously unknown enzyme used by bacteria, fungi and other organisms to feed on the unusual but abundant sugar sulfoquinovose — SQ for short — found in green vegetables.

This means we can hopefully clarify in the future whether these DNA repair mechanisms are also used by other enzymes with similar functions.

A molecular biologist at the Broad Institute and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Zhang and colleagues have screened hundreds of candidate enzymes, among them, a protein called CPF1 that's used by many different types of bacteria to fight off viruses.

The reconstruction of an enzyme used by bacteria thought to have lived in a hot spring 3.4 billion years ago tells us they became complex earlier than thought

By using a small molecule called 2 - bromo - palmitate (2BP) that inhibits these palmitate - adding enzymes, the researchers surmise that cancer patients might be able to one day make their cells more sensitive to cancer - fighting EGFR inhibitors.

In this case, the researchers used a set of compounds, recently synthesized by Cravatt's laboratory, that tend to inhibit serine hydrolases — a vast enzyme family whose members participate in most biological processes in mammals.

«We are inspired by nature, but we don't use enzymes or biological processes.»

By detecting the molecular machinery used by the plankton to create one of the enzymes needed to split nitrogen molecules apart, scientists appear to have discovered a new microbial source of the ocean's nitrogen - bearing nutrientBy detecting the molecular machinery used by the plankton to create one of the enzymes needed to split nitrogen molecules apart, scientists appear to have discovered a new microbial source of the ocean's nitrogen - bearing nutrientby the plankton to create one of the enzymes needed to split nitrogen molecules apart, scientists appear to have discovered a new microbial source of the ocean's nitrogen - bearing nutrients.

Researchers had long suspected that two DNA - cutting enzymes called RAG1 and RAG2 are encoded by relics of a DNA transposon, but no one had ever found a transposon that uses those proteins to slice and hop out of a spot, says immunologist Anlong Xu of Sun Yat - sen University in Guangzhou, China.

A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutron macromolecular crystallography to investigate the different states of three glaucoma drugs as they interact with the targeted enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II).

Time - lapse crystallography was used by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) researchers to determine that DNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for assembling the nucleotides or building blocks of DNA, incorporates nucleotides with a specific kind of damage into the DNA strand.

They then used light to turn on a chemical process that activates enzymes that naturally allow yeast to grow and multiply by eating glucose and secreting ethanol.

Their analysis demonstrated that under carefully controlled conditions, a microbe called Clostridium thermocellum is twice as effective as fungal enzymes used by industry today.

«Rather than using an immune method or targeting an enzyme, which have side effects, we want to target this specific pathway so that the brain can naturally clear amyloid - beta peptides when they're not trapped by heparan sulfate,» says Guojun Bu, a neuroscientist at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla., and the study's lead author.

Further, altering the T. gondii genome using the CRISPR / Cas9 editing system was curtailed by the Cas9 enzyme's toxicity.