Emperor Hadrian outlawed CC, which really speaks to its cruelty considering Romans
used crucifixion as capital punishment.
The Romans
used crucifixion for executing common criminals, especially slaves.
The Romans routinely
used crucifixion as a form of punishment for people they adjudged dangerous to their rule.
(Darius was also the first to crucify in great numbers, and could possibly have been the first to
use crucifixion as a punishment)
For historical evidence of the Bible, just look up in your history books about the Assyrians and Babylonians taking over Israel several hundred years BCE, or that the Romans were in power during the time of Jesus, that they did
use crucifixion as a form of execution.
I have followed what I take to be the general logic of classical christological reflection,
using the crucifixion narrative of the Gospels to illustrate the way this faith is generated and nurtured.
Not exact matches
Though
crucifixion on this cross only means physical death, not spiritual.The ankh was a symbol, not of death, but of life, and it is the ankh that was
used by all Christians until the 4th century when the Vatican introduced the Roman cross for the first time.
One means simply «to hang on a cross», but I believe the word
crucifixion as
used in the Koran means to «kill a person by that means».
John
used for the
crucifixion the deliberately ambiguous word «lifted - up», which suggested both the physical lifting up on the cross and the exaltation to glory (12:32).
He was already Messiah as he went about Galilee; for he had been proclaimed the Son of God at his Baptism; the demons had recognized him as divine; the disciples had confessed him to be the Messiah, their conviction voiced by their spokesman, Peter; at the Transfiguration the chosen three «beheld his glory,» to
use again the more explicit Johannine idiom, ordinarily hidden but now momentarily revealed; finally even the centurion in charge of the
crucifixion had confessed him «a Son of God.»
His being «lifted up» (hypsothenai) was
used both for his
crucifixion and his exaltation.
But in the
crucifixion of Jesus, when Satan tries once again to
use violent religion to «cast out Satan,» this time in the scapegoat of Jesus Christ, Satan did not realize that his plan would backfire.
The portrayal of Messiah as victim threatens to sever the basic continuity we have wanted to maintain between suffering and redemption (or to
use Christian imagery, between cross and resurrection) To have redemptive meaning, the cross must answer the victims who whirl here in torment, for, in the Holocaust, the world becomes Golgotha turned on itself, «one great mount of
crucifixion, with thousands of severed Jewish heads strewn below like so many thieves» (Roskie, p. 268)
This was the first type of
crucifixion, invented by the Persians, perfected by the Romans and
used ultimately on Christ Jesus our Savior.
I hesitate to
use the term «death of God» because I am reluctant to associate myself with an exclusively Christian symbol arising out of the
crucifixion tradition.
This is
used of the
crucifixion in the fourth gospel:
The fact of this common
use of opsomai, and also the fact that we are able to explain the switch from
crucifixion to parousia reference on the basis of our hypothesis, is, of course, the hub of our argument for a relationship between John 19.37 and Rev. 1.7, a common relationship to different stages of a Christian exegetical tradition.
One way that many
use to limit the extent and effectiveness of grace is to connect it with the
crucifixion of Jesus.
So even if Paul, and the creed he quotes,
use «on the third day» to mean a great and decisive day, no one can show any reason to doubt that they also meant to pinpoint a particular day shortly after the
crucifixion.
Ezzo writes that «in Biblical times, a new mother did not lounge around in a bathrobe for weeks on end attempting to establish a bond with her child,» and he
uses the Christian
crucifixion as justification for letting infants cry it out, writing: «Praise God that the Father did not intervene when His Son cried out on the cross.»
The herbs are best known through the story of the Three Wise Men (Magi) delivering gold, frankincense, and myrrh for the baby Jesus; myrrh was also
used to anoint Jesus» body after the
crucifixion.
His performances involve
crucifixions, dance, music and other visually violent actions, together with the
use of animal carcasses and entrails, in the attempt to create a tragic and sacred - like Gesamtkunstwerk «total artwork»: the Orgien Mysterien Theater (or Aktion).
The motive of
crucifixion served as a symbol of pain and death, and Bacon
used the allegory to make Three studies for figures at the base of a
crucifixion.
But think, now, about the permissibility
using of
crucifixion, or the rack, or stoning as punishments.