«If every one of the 70 million acres on which corn was grown in 2006 was
used for ethanol, the amount produced would displace only 12 percent of the U.S. gasoline market.
I can see the headline now, «Tequila prices rise as agave
used for ethanol.
In 2006, 17 % of the U.S. corn crop was
used for ethanol production.
Corn
used for ethanol unfortunately competes with a staple foodstuff, and requires significant amounts of land area.
The anti-ethanol crowd likes to make this fun calculation despite the fact that no one in the ethanol industry believes or promotes that all the corn in the U.S. should / will / can be
used for ethanol production.
And the International Monetary Fund has documented that since their peak in July 2008, oil prices declined by 69 % as of December 2008, and global food prices declined by 33 % during the same period, while U.S. corn production has remained at 12 billion bushels a month, one - third of which is still
used for ethanol production.
The Scientific American reports that roughly 40 percent of today's corn crop is
used for ethanol made from corn, which is added to gasoline.
Montford notes «By 2012... some estimates suggest that 40 percent of the US corn crop was being
used for ethanol production.»
Food prices have also increased dramatically when food crops are
used for ethanol, causing hardship in poor communities.
Gary Schnitkey, Darrel Good, and Paul Ellinger, «Crude Oil Price Variability and Its Impact on Break — Even Corn Prices,» Farm Business Management, 30 May 2007; 2006 grain
used for ethanol from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS), Feed Grains Database, at www.ers.usda.gov, updated 28 September 2007; 2006 grain harvest from USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, electronic database at www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline, updated 12 September 2007; 2008 ethanol requirement from Renewable Fuels Association, «Ethanol Biorefinery Locations,» at www.ethanolrfa.org, updated 28 September 2007; 2008 grain harvest from Interagency Agricultural Projections Committee, Agricultural Projections to 2016 (Washington, DC: USDA, February 2007).
The US has now crossed the point where more corn is being
used for ethanol production than for feeding people producing 206.5 million barrels of ethanol in 2010.
It does not release carbon that would otherwise stay stored underground, as occurs with fossil fuel use, but when starch, such as corn, is
used for ethanol production much energy, including fossil - fuel energy, is consumed in the process of fertilizing, plowing, and harvesting.
Biofuel programs pursued by Europe and the United States during the last two decades caused an additional 41 million hectares of land to be
used for ethanol and biodiesel production, an area the size of Germany.
When existing corn is
used for ethanol, what comes out of the tailpipe doesn't change and what is taken out of the atmosphere doesn't change either because the corn would be grown anyway.
Just growing corn and preserving it in a salt mine forever whilst making gasoline from coal or natural gas will even capture far more carbon than
using it for ethanol does.
Practically speaking, one would probably
use for ethanol production only a little over half of the soil bank lands and add to this some portion of the plants now grown as animal feed crops (for example, on the 70 million acres that now grow soybeans for animal feed).
Not exact matches
Much of the ETBE
used in Japan is already made in the United States
using Brazilian sugarcane
ethanol, so the new rules should make it easy
for producers to switch quickly to U.S. corn - based sources.
This particular type of black fungus is common near distilleries because it
uses ethanol as a source of energy
for growth.
(Most gasoline contains 10 %
ethanol, but regulators have approached E-15 (15 %
ethanol)
for use in vehicles manufactured from 2001 on, and all new car warranties approve the
use of E-15.)
«The
uses for corn in
ethanol production coupled with drought conditions throughout the Midwest growing regions have led to dramatic price increases affecting everything from prepared foods to animal feed
for our dairy and meat products,» he states.
I
used in my extraction methods the full AOAC method and also
used acetonitrile sonication and
ethanol sonication and compared the results
for these.
Hypothetically, if all the main cereal and sugar crops (wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, sugar cane, cassava and sugar beet), representing 42 % of global cropland, were to be converted to
ethanol, this would correspond to only 57 % of total petrol
use in 2003, and leave no cereals or sugar
for human consumption (although the reduced sugar in the human diet would have health benefits).
Ethanol and biodiesel can both be
used in bio-jet fuel, but the technologies to convert plant - derived oil to jet fuel are at an advanced stage of development, yield high energy efficiency and are ready
for large - scale deployment.
We've
used yeast to convert plant cellulose and starch into biofuels like
ethanol for decades; however, the process still isn't efficient, and scientists are genetically altering yeast to change that.
In the long run, consumers did not appear to have been greatly punished at the pump
for using ethanol.
Using Patzek's methodology
for every aspect of
ethanol production save the conversion process itself, a gallon of Corn Plus
ethanol consumes less energy than it contains — even before factoring in credit
for coproducts.
This is a fluidized bed reactor, an energy - generation technology that has been
used for decades to power paper mills and waste - treatment plants but that had never before been installed in an
ethanol plant.
In another experiment, bagasse was
used as a starting plant biomass
for ethanol production without washing / separation processes.
KERRY: The senator has proposed «a new Manhattan Project to make America independent of Middle East oil in 10 years» by increasing the
use of alternative fuels like
ethanol and insisting that standards
for auto mileage be raised.
Back in 1992, when I had started losing my hearing, a friend lent me a jar full of newly collected velvet asities preserved in
ethanol to
use for some anatomical research.
«In terms of consumer ownership and
use costs, the case to make a switch from current fuels to compressed natural gas (CNG) is much more compelling than
for other alternative fuels like
ethanol and electricity.»
The remaining sugar (
for plants with less than 20 % oil) could be sold or
used to produce
ethanol.
And unlike the corn
used to produce
ethanol in the United States, algae do not compete with food
for farmland, one of the biggest problems with current biofuels.
16
Ethanol was widely
used as an industrial fuel in America until a tax on alcoholic beverages, levied to help pay
for the Civil War, prompted a switch to kerosene and methanol.
For example, while with methanol the system is biphasic,
using ethanol involves a homogeneous reaction medium and single liquid phase.»
Chemical engineer Inés Reyero Zaragoza proposed the substitution of methanol by
ethanol for the production of biodiesel and the
use of a heterogeneous catalyst, which will «result in a reduction of costs and in the environmental impact associated with the production of this biofuel.»
All
use of biomass — whether
for ethanol or electricity — runs the risk of displacing food crops, however, as well as the need
for large amounts of water.
This figure shows how much water is
used to produced one unit of
ethanol (defined as water
use intensity)
for each energy crop.
The rest can still be fed into the corn supply chain to make
ethanol or grits or any of the other products corn is already
used for.
By
using a combination of crop growth, hydrological, carbon and nitrogen cycle models, researchers found that the estimated land suitable
for bioenergy grasses — particularly Miscanthus, the most productive bioenergy crop — is limited, despite its relatively high biomass productivity and low water consumption per unit of
ethanol.
«So alcoholic drinks are an ideal model
for industrial
ethanol fermentation broths —
ethanol for fuel is essentially made
using a brewing process.
The report added that «a biorefinery that produces 100 million gallons of
ethanol per year,
for example, would
use the equivalent of the water supply
for a town of about 5,000 people.»
Vertimass LLC, a California - based start - up company, has licensed an Oak Ridge National Laboratory technology that directly converts
ethanol into a hydrocarbon blend - stock
for use in transportation fuels.
We're learning now that not all
ethanol is the same and that there may be better
uses for corn than fueling cars.
In a few areas, primarily the Midwest, a blend that is 85 percent
ethanol (E85) is also sold
for use in vehicles that have so - called flex - fuel engines.
Farmers make the fuel by chemically treating corn kernels to isolate the sugars and then feeding the sugars to yeast, which digests them and secretes
ethanol.Not only do the corn husks and stalks go to waste, but
ethanol production has driven up the price of the corn that is
used for food by reducing its availability.
Monroe Energy, a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines that operates the Trainer refinery complex in Pennsylvania, said the EPA's decision not to cut 2013 biofuel targets did not take into account that companies might need to carry over some
ethanol credits
for use in 2014, when it finalized the 2013 targets.
Additionally, ethylene and
ethanol could serve as the building blocks
for a range of consumer goods, and CO2 - derived formic acid could be
used by the pharmaceutical industry or as a fuel in fuel cells.
Since transportation and storage of biomass add to the overall production cost if the materials aren't located near the biofuels facility, agricultural areas are the best location
for renewable biomass to be
used in
ethanol production.
Indeed, biofuels aren't really a stretch — humans have been
using microorganisms to ferment plants into
ethanol ever since Stone Age people began making beer around 10,000 B.C. Today's work hinges on engineering a perfect microbe that will eat the entirety of a plant, retain only a little of this food
for itself and spew out the rest as a high - energy fuel.