Sentences with phrase «used significance tests»

... It is a safe bet that people have suffered or died because scientists (and editors, regulators, journalists and others) have used significance tests to interpret results, and have consequently failed to identify the most beneficial courses of action.»

Not exact matches

The significance of the historical Jesus for Christian faith is that knowledge of this Jesus may be used as a means of testing the claims of the Christs presented in the competing kerygmata to be Jesus Christ.

We tested the regression coefficients in the model using the likelihood ratio test and the Wald statistic setting significance at α = 0.05.

All statistical tests were two - sided and conducted using an α level of 0.05 to judge significance.

Statistical tests of significance such as chi - square tests were used for ordinal and categorical variables.

We used Stata software version 8 (StataCorp, College Station, Tex) for all hypothesis tests, with a significance level of α =.05.

The 2 - tailed Student's t - test was used to assess the statistical significance of our results.

Common approaches to prediction include using a significance - based criterion for evaluating variables to use in models and evaluating variables and models simultaneously for prediction using cross-validation or independent test data.

Amrita Cheema, PhD, one of the main investigators on Federoff's team, will give an in - depth lecture on the test's significance, the science behind it, and the research techniques used to develop it in the July 28 AACC session, «Lipidomics: A Powerful Approach to Identify Pre-clinical Memory Impairment in Older Adults.»

But in most such instances the statistics applied in court have been primarily the standard type that scientists use to test hypotheses (producing numbers for gauging «statistical significance»).

For retention block 4, we compared the median latency and median excess path length for navigation to store locations that had been learned while stimulation was applied with those learned in the absence of stimulation during blocks 1, 2, and 3, using the Wilcoxon signed - rank test, with a P value of less than 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance.

Significance of D - statistic was determined using a Z - test and ABBA - BABA test with Z - score greater then 3.9 were considered significant.

We used a false discovery rate rather than standard significance measures to avoid an inflated false - positive rate as a consequence of the large number of hypothesis tests (42).

We used Kaplan - Meier Curve analyses and Log - Rank Test statistics to determine the significance of the mortality results.

Of the 70 SNPs, 10 reached nominal significance using an alpha threshold of 0.05, but none were significant with multiple test correction at a 5 % FDR (Additional file 5: Table S3).

All trends were evaluated using Mann — Kendall trend tests, following a four - step process to reduce the effects of serial autocorrelation on significance tests66 (see Supplemental Methods).

The Student t test was used to calculate the significance of increased CD44 + / CD24 - / ESA + and E-cad - / CD44 + / CD24 - populations in the cycling hypoxia - selected subpopulations.

A significance level of p < 0.05 was used for all tests, which was marked by an asterisk in the figure.

Two - tailed t - test was used to evaluate the significance of the results between two samples.

Frequency, Interobserver Reproducibility and Clinical Significance of Equivocal Peaks in PCR Clonality Testing Using Euroclonality / BIOMED -2 Primers.

Second, we calculated the proportion of fixed differences versus shared polymorphisms for each window and compared it to the genome - wide expectation using a Fisher's exact test, and setting the significance threshold at P < 0.01.

For 2 - group comparisons, a 2 × 2 Yates corrected χ2 test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of group differences of percentages of unscored applications and percentages of funded applications.

One - way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni t test or a two - tailed Student's t test was used where appropriate, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05.

Statistical significance was measured using parametric testing, assuming equal variance, in the majority of experiments with standard t tests for 2 paired samples used to assess difference between test and control samples.

The Wald test was used to assess the significance of multiplicative interaction terms.

No primary endpoint was used, but P ≤ 0.00167 was the threshold for significance for 30 tests of hypothesis.

Readers need not get caught up in more - complicated analyses, such as significance testing, effect sizes, and even regression - statistical methods that Raymond and Hanushek criticize us for not using.

We know of no legitimate statistical text that argues it is irrelevant to use tests of statistical significance to guard against random fluctuations in the data - in this case, scores on tests of student performance.

Below, I've shown the detail behind the summary above, all using data and significance tests from he NAEP Data Explorer.

How many have produced evidence of their tests instructional sensitivity or of the educational significance of the distinctions made by the value - added models they use?

Almost all of the factors and smart beta strategies exhibit a negative relationship between starting valuation and subsequent performance whether we use the aggregate measure or P / B to define relative valuation.9 Out of 192 tests shown here, not a single test has the «wrong» sign: in every case, the cheaper the factor or strategy gets, relative to its historical average, the more likely it is to deliver positive performance.10 For most factors and strategies (two - thirds of the 192 tests) the relationship holds with statistical significance for horizons ranging from one month to five years and using both valuation measures (44 % of these results are significant at the 1 % level).

Please can you identify a statistical authority (eg Cressie, Ripley etc) with a section or page number as to why it does not matter that neither of these reconstructions pass a significance test for R and yet R is widely used in similar proxy reconstructions elsewhere (including my own proxy reconstruction work)?

In Schmidt (2009), I used the 5 runs I had easily available, to demonstrate that the significance test that McKitrick had used vastly overstated the importance of his correlations.

These results indicate that the commonly used pre-whitening procedure for eliminating the effect of serial correlation on the MK test leads to potentially inaccurate assessments of the significance of a trend; and certain procedures will be more appropriate for eliminating the impact of serial correlation on the MK test.

Streamflow trends were statistically determined for each station using the Mann - Kendall nonparametric test at a 10 % significant level, combined with a field significance test.

This technical document clarifies the concept of additionality and its significance for crediting mechanisms; describes the different approaches that have been used to demonstrate or test additionality; and explores the implications of the evolving carbon markets on the application and importance of additionality.

We added independent variables and used an F - test to test the null hypothesis that the coefficient of each term was zero at the 95 % significance level.

The onus on anyone seeking to carry out significance tests using an RE statistic in an MBH98 context has to either start with a 99 % benchmark or prove that a lower benchmark can be used.

Statistical significance between the experiments and the control is tested using a student's t - test and significance is determined using resultant p values, where a p value less than or equal to 0.05 allows rejecting the null hypothesis that the differences should be zero.

As I keep explaining, it depends on how the statistical significance test is used, the assumptions, on the null hypothesis, and on the conclusion.

When I give diagnostics, like trends and so on, I use standard mathematical tools and significance tests.

For each dated forecast, we can track the subsequent record, and use a suite of sequential statistical tests to determine whether at some point it is clear that the forecast is wrong at one of the respected levels of statistical significance.

The latter should be calculated and used in testing the significance of any trend.

Correlation coefficient of 0.20 corresponds to the statistical significance at the 95 % level by using a two - side Student \ (t \) test with 100 samples

Walker's test (Wilks 2006a) was used to evaluate global field significance.

One is to recalculate the statistical significance estimates of all variables for which significance is currently reported using a procedure such as Cohn and Lins» (2006) Adjusted Likelihood Ratio Test that is specifically designed for use with data exhibiting long - term persistence.

It is an unfortunate gap in understanding even in many people who actually consider themselves well informed on time series that they misuse standard tests for coefficient significance as if they indicate validity of inference using a reduced model.

557, A83) have seriously criticized the statistical treatment used by Abreu et al. to test the significance of the coincidences between the periodicities of their model with the Holocene proxy record.

Paired - sample tests of the spatial time series were used to identify regions of statistical significance at p < 0.05.

Why does he dance around saying that McKitrick used an incorrect test of significance?