And in another advance, virologist Paula Cannon of the University of Southern California
used zinc finger nucleases to create human stem cells that lack CCR5.
In 2009, for example, Sangamo Therapeutics in Richmond, California, began
using zinc finger nucleases to modify genes in immune cells from HIV - infected people, hoping to make the cells resistant to the virus.
Lombardo A, Genovese P, Beausejour CM, Colleoni S, Lee YL, Kim KA, Ando D, Urnov FD, Galli C, Gregory PD, Holmes MC, Naldini L. Gene editing in human stem cells
using zinc finger nucleases and integrase - defective lentiviral vector delivery.
Not exact matches
Announced a worldwide collaboration with Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. (Sangamo)
using Sangamo's
zinc finger nuclease technology platform for the development of next - generation ex vivo cell therapies in oncology.
By
using engineered
zinc -
finger nucleases (ZFNs) designed to target an integrated reporter and two endogenous rat genes, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Rab38, we demonstrate that a single injection of DNA or messenger RNA encoding ZFNs into the one - cell rat embryo leads to a high frequency of animals carrying 25 to 100 % disruption at the target locus.
Ultimately, this week's discourse will lead to a consensus statement providing some guidance on how to approach
using this and older gene editing technologies such as
zinc finger nucleases and enzymes called transcription activator - like effector
nucleases, or TALENs.
They have
used a different technique, called
zinc finger nucleases, to disrupt a gene on T cells that HIV
uses to enter the cells.
In clinical trials already underway, for example, researchers have
used an older gene - editing technique, enzymes call
zinc finger nucleases, in immune cells to deactivate the gene for CCR5, a surface protein that HIV latches onto in order to infect cells.
In 2009, researchers at Dow AgroSciences in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Sangamo BioSciences in Richmond, California, announced that they had
used enzymes called
zinc -
finger nucleases to insert a gene for herbicide resistance at a specific site in the maize genome (V. K. Shukla et al..
Last year, researchers targeted and destroyed this gene in the T - cells of 12 people with HIV
using custom - made proteins called
zinc finger nucleases.
The trial is
using a form of DNA scissors called
zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs).
As an approach to inactivating CCR5, we introduced CCR5 - specific
zinc -
finger nucleases into human CD4 + T cells prior to adoptive transfer, but the need to protect cells from virus strains that
use CXCR4 (X4) in place of or in addition to CCR5 (R5X4) remains.
A similar approach, but
using a different technology (
zinc finger nucleases), was reported for Huntington's disease in 2012.
The variety of new tools available for genetic manipulation now include lentiviral - based gene delivery, and gene editing
using CRISPR / Cas9,
zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) or transcription activator - like effector
nucleases (TALENs).
In the past, researchers have attempted to do this with gene editing tools like
zinc fingers nucleases, but the process was too labor - intensive to be
used on a large scale.
Addgene depositor Charles Gersbach
used paired
zinc finger nucleases to remove exon 51 in DMD patient myoblasts.
Two newer gene - editing methods —
zinc finger nucleases,
used since the late 1990s, and TALENs, first described in 2011 — allowed more precise modifications, he says, «but there was a real art and skill required, and only a handful of labs could do those.»