For the purposes of this study, we analyzed responses to one open - ended question from the questionnaire: «Did you ever participate in
a useful technology PD activity / project as a teacher?
The authors surveyed technology - using K - 12 teachers at two points (2009 and 2015) to examine what they perceived as
useful technology PD with regard to content and format.
Not exact matches
Consequently, we agreed that additional
PD focused on
technology itself would not be
useful.
To provide
useful technology for teachers in practice,
PD designers need to consider the teacher, school, and system levels.
What shifts have or have not occurred regarding teachers» perceived
useful PD and their
PD needs for
technology integration in a 6 - year span of time?
Teachers» explanations indicated that the shift of teachers» perceptions on
useful PD and their
technology PD needs may have been triggered by the changes at the school and district level, including
technology infrastructure and resources, budgets for
technology PD,
technology integration agendas, and decisions made by administrators.
Specifically, many teachers perceived in - class coaching as the most
useful PD support, because it provided an opportunity to «have someone come into your classroom to show you with your students how to integrate
technology» (Questionnaire, 2015).
In the 2015 interviews, five teachers mentioned that the least
useful PD content was the one - size - fits - all approach: «They [the school districts] never tried to find out at what level their staff was in educational
technologies.»
The main purpose of this study was to examine
technology PD content and formats teachers perceived
useful in 2009 and 2015, documenting whether shifts occurred.
What are the content and formats of
technology PD that K - 12 teachers perceived
useful for their
technology integration practices?
To make situated
technology PD useful for teachers, Daly and Conway (2015) suggested that support from the teacher
PD community would be beneficial when teachers are in a school culture where they have a shared vision of
technology integration with support and guidance by administrators and feel comfortable learning with their peers.
If teachers do not think a
PD is
useful and supportive to address their professional learning needs, they are less likely to implement the
technology integration ideas into their practices (Lawless & Pellegrino, 2007; Potter & Rockinson ‐ Szapkiw, 2012).
Meanwhile, statewide policies associated with
PD for
technology integration (e.g., Virginia Department of Education, 2016) also could be created to support recognition of a great range of
useful PD experiences.
Specifically, since
technology changes quickly, we sought to examine whether there were any changes to what teachers perceived as
useful content and format for
technology PD.
Interviews in both phases included open - ended questions asking interviewees what
PD experiences were most
useful and important for them as professionals, as well as asking for descriptions of their ideal
technology PD content and format.
With the collected quantitative and qualitative data, we examined whether shifts had or had not occurred regarding teachers» perceived
useful PD formats and content for
technology integration.
In the 2009 questionnaire, only two teachers reported learning about mobile applications during
technology PD as
useful.
However, in 2015, more than 60 % of teachers reported in the questionnaire that participating in online workshops (68 %) and online PLNs (61 %) were
useful online
PD delivery approaches to support their use of
technology.