Sentences with phrase «uses observational time»

Not exact matches

Only one country had implemented standardized packaging at the time of this review, so evidence that tobacco use prevalence may have decreased following standardized packaging comes from one large observational study.

«The main factor here is whether or not we use personal force,» says Greene, who points to historical and observational data suggesting people have a reluctance to hurt each other, even in times of war.

Use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) among pediatric patients has increased since 2005 and, during a 10 - year time period, mortality rates dropped modestly as the therapeutic approach was applied to a broader range of health ailments, according to an observational analysis presented Feb. 26, 2018 during the 47th Critical Care Congress.

In addition, scientists working on the JDEM designs have not presented a unified front, owing to disagreements over the best observational method to use (see «Hunting for dark energy»)-- at a time when an influential astrophysics panel is about to prioritize the next decade's best and most organized missions.

Using those observational records, van Oldenborgh's analysis concluded that global warming has made a temperature anomaly like the one observed in 2014 in Europe at least 80 times more likely.

Using data from an observational study, we used sinusoidal regression models to evaluate seasonal variation of nutrient intake, PA, and body weight as amplitude and phase (a time while the measure was at peak).

By contrast, IMPACT relies on observational scores both from principals and from «master educators» — highly rated former teachers who work full - time for the district — as well as on student test - score growth, which increasingly is being used to evaluate teachers nationwide.

Accordingly, this report was widely publicized given the assumed improbability that only 1 % of America's public school teachers were, in fact, ineffectual, and given the fact that such ineffective teachers apparently existed but were not being identified using standard teacher evaluation / observational systems in use at the time.

Researchers set out to explore the stability (or fluctuations) observed across 132 teachers» effectiveness ratings across 23 schools in South Carolina over time using both observational and VAM - based output.

Over time, we worked to develop an observational tool, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI), that would capture these and other dimensions of mathematics classrooms; then we trained several dozen teachers and former teachers to score those videotaped lessons using the observational tool.

And, according to a Stanford University observational study, «Principal's Time Use and School Effectiveness,» «principals, on average, spent only a little over 10 percent of their day on instruction - related tasks.»

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

«A one dimensional model of heat conduction is used to show that surface trends are attenuated as a function of depth within conductive media on time scales of decades to centuries, therefore invalidating the above assumption given practical observational constraints.

Improvements in seasonal forecasting practice arising from recent research include accurate initialization of snow and frozen soil, accounting for observational uncertainty in forecast verification, and sea - ice thickness initialization using statistical predictors available in real time.

Dessler (2011) used observational data (such as surface temperature measurements and ARGO ocean temperature) to estimate and corroborate these values, and found that the heating of the climate system through ocean heat transport was 20 times larger than TOA energy flux changes due to cloud cover over the period in question.

Improvements were made to the statistical method, including the use of high resolution AMSR - E sea ice concentration data, a time - domain filter of five days that reduces observational noise, and a space - domain selection that neglects the outer seasonal ice zones.

While the statistics of 30 - year (or longer) NAO trends and associated surface climate impacts can not be reliably determined from the short observational record, we have made use of a simple relationship between the statistics of trends of any length and the statistics of the interannual variability, provided the time series is Gaussian (Thompson et al. 2015).

For example the Bureau maintains a real - time monitoring system that uses the entire observational network to create a high - resolution, gridded temperature analysis.

Each day, the real - time monitoring system uses all available reporting sites — the entire observational network — to create a high - resolution, gridded temperature analysis for the Bureau's website.

[8] Brient and Schneider justify using a divergence measure based on the similarity of the model and observational estimate PDFs on the basis that «they are estimated from time series of the same length L so that their sampling variability can be expected to be equal if a [statistical] model is adequate».

* Current commercial pilot's license * 3,000 hours of total flight time * Great team player with ability to coordinate actions for flight safety * Outstanding written and verbal communication skills * Excellent observational and problem - solving skills * Ability to use sound reasoning and good judgment to respond quickly to situations

To create these time series from observational data, I summed SPAFF codes in 6 - second blocks using weights in terms of the ability of the codes to predict divorce (for example, because they were such good predictors of stability or divorce, contempt got a weight of -4, and humor a weight of +4, while anger and sadness were weighted only -1).

For years, early childhood teachers have used observational assessment of students» activities, including play, to generate unique insights into children's development over time, evaluate progress, and plan individualized, intentional learning experiences.

Although the current study has a number of important strengths, such as the observational design, the comparison of AD and non-AD children, the examination of real - time dyadic emotions using innovative state space grid analyses, and the inclusion of father - child and mother - child dyads, several limitations should also be noted and addressed in future research.

Contemporary principles of measure development for the assessment of parenting [36, 37] guided the construction of the intrusiveness measure, including aggregating multiple measures of the same parenting behavior from different informants into a single composite measure; focusing on specific behaviors (e.g., «mom gave me help in putting on or taking off clothes») rather than vague concepts (e.g., «mom invades my privacy»); focusing on a short, specific time - frame; using items that are relevant to the age - group being studied; and including observational methods.

Maternal autonomy support (Time 1) was measured in two contexts (free - play and interference task) using observational coding.