Initial downscaled daily simulations of temperature and precipitation at 10 - km resolution are produced
using bias correction constructed analogs with quantile mapping (BCCAQ).
The gridded field is produced from ship and buoy sea surface temperatures in the ICOADS release 2.5 data set (29)
using bias correction and Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection methodologies as described in (13).
Not exact matches
Using their findings, they developed a mathematical
correction that takes into account
bias and social information to generate an improved crowd estimate.
The two updates are: 1) the adoption of ERSST v4 for the ocean temperatures (incorporating a number of
corrections for
biases for different methods), and 2) the
use of the larger International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) weather station database, instead of GHCN.
A Wall Street Journal headline recently declared, «AIG Corrects...» Given the Street's eternal optimism and favorable
bias, it
uses the term «
correction» to indicate a stock - price decline.
That means
using meta - data,
using corrections of known
biases, comparing near - by stations, correcting for UHI etc..
Because GISTEMP, NCDC and HadCRUT3 are all
using current generation SST datasets, and HadCRUT4 is
using a next generation SST product with additional
bias corrections.
A comparison of HadSST2 with the NCDC temperature data, and of the unadjusted HadSST3 (i.e. without the new
bias corrections) with NCDC
using only common coverage ocean cells is shown in right panel of Figure 2.
The first is
Bias -
Correction Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD)(Wood et al., 2004) following Maurer et al., (2008) with the following modifications: the incorporation of monthly minimum and maximum temperature instead of monthly mean temperature, as suggested by Bürger et al., (2012) and bias correction using detrended quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation following Bürger et al
Correction Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD)(Wood et al., 2004) following Maurer et al., (2008) with the following modifications: the incorporation of monthly minimum and maximum temperature instead of monthly mean temperature, as suggested by Bürger et al., (2012) and
bias correction using detrended quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation following Bürger et al
correction using detrended quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation following Bürger et al., (2013).
The ICESat
bias corrections used by the Zwally team were appropriate for measuring sea ice, but not for measuring high altitude land - base ice sheets like found in Antarctica (the values returned for Lake Vostok alone were so unphysical that they should have made the entire study DOA) 2.
So, the next step will be to revisit the SST
bias corrections and refine them, making
use of the new information uncovered concerning national measurement practices and new analysis techniques that allow for more accurate
corrections in areas and at times where there are few data.
The raw daily climate model simulation results were
bias corrected according to the ISI - MIP protocol (1, 23), despite known caveats with respect to the
use of
bias correction in climate impact studies (24).
Given that
biases in buckets measurements depend on the air - sea temperature difference any more detailed
corrections would involve
using both MAT and SST together.
Quantile mapping
bias correction algorithms are commonly
used to correct systematic distributional
biases in precipitation outputs from climate models.
Instead Kennedy et al have created 100 «realizations» of data
using different values for the various
bias corrections which sample the uncertainty range for each
correction.
Outputs from seven downscaling methods —
bias correction constructed analogues (BCCA), double BCCA (DBCCA), BCCA with quantile mapping reordering (BCCAQ),
bias correction spatial disaggregation (BCSD), BCSD
using minimum / maximum temperature (BCSDX), the climate imprint delta method (CI), and
bias corrected CI (BCCI)-- are
used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model over the snow - dominated Peace River basin, British Columbia.
A
bias correction method will be
used to provide the bulk SST.
The 6th ECMWF reanalysis (ERA6) will
use the (C++ based) Object - Oriented Prediction System (OOPS) and (Fortran - based) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and there is a requirement to optimise the variational
bias correction system under OOPS and IFS.
In particular, he explained the
bias dependency on the lead time, also known as drift, and distinguished between two approaches for
bias adjustment (and not
bias correction): a non-parametric, consisting in adjusting each forecast time separately, and a parametric approach, where a function to adjust different forecast times at once is
used.
This dataset is
bias - corrected and downscaled
using the
Bias -
Correction Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD) method (Thrasher et al., 2012).
«Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, a composite of several OHCA curves
using different XBT
bias corrections still yields a statistically significant linear warming trend for 1993 — 2008 of 0.64 W m - 2 (calculated for the Earth's entire surface area), with a 90 - per - cent confidence interval of 0.53 — 0.75 W m - 2.»
The phrase «Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, a composite of several OHCA curves
using different XBT
bias corrections» raises a red flag to me.
Table 2.2 shows linear trends of the annual optimum averages, and twice their standard errors, for the globe and hemispheres
using the restricted maximum likelihood method as in Table 2.1 and allowing for the annual uncertainties due to data gaps, urbanisation over land, and
bias corrections to SST.
Effect sizes were calculated
using Cohen's d and applying Hedge's g
correction for small sample
bias.