And other researchers question the need to
use cells from the patient's own skin.
Scientists want to be able to clone early human embryos,
using cells from patients with various diseases, so they can study the diseases in the lab and develop new treatments for them.
In the next step, we will
use cells from patients affected by neuromuscular diseases.
The technique
uses cells from a patient's skin to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are capable of developing into various types of mature tissues — including blood.
Not exact matches
According to Science Daily, Dr. Nagy, senior investigator at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, there is a «new method of generating stem
cells that does not require embryos as starting points and could be
used to generate
cells from many adult tissues such as a
patient's own skin
cells.»
These stem
cells would be genetically identical to the
patient from whom the original adult
cell was taken and could be
used for research and therapeutic purposes.
As we read this history, the furor over stem
cells was fueled by numerous factors: the near - universal human desire for magic;
patients» desperation in the face of illness and their hope for cures; the belief that biology can now do anything; the reluctance of scientists to accept any limits (particularly moral limits) on their research; the impact of big money
from biotech stocks, patents, and federal funding; the willingness of America's elite class to
use every means possible to discredit religion in general; and the need to protect the unlimited abortion license by accepting no protections of unborn human life.
And
using cells from someone other than the cancer
patient being treated might trigger an immune response against the foreign
cells.
The Muotri lab
uses induced pluripotent stem
cells from patients with autism and schizophrenia to look for biomarkers of these conditions.
Unlike conventional chemotherapies and radiation that indiscriminately eradicate fast - growing tissues and ravage people's bodies with side effects, new therapies specifically target tumors
using tailored
cells from individual
patients.
Though the study was small,
using cells from only four autistic
patients and eight family members, the results may indicate common factors underlying autism, the scientists say.
The decision was seen as an effort to mollify the religious fundamentalists at the core of Bush's political support who are ideologically opposed to deriving the
cells from frozen embryos in fertility clinics and scientists and
patients who hope that the
cells could be
used to help
patients with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, spinal - cord injuries, and diabetes.
If they succeed, they can be reasonably confident that epithelial
cells can be taken
from a
patient and
used to regenerate damaged tissue in that same person.
Researchers
from Duke University had previously
used CRISPR to correct genetic mutations in cultured
cells from Duchenne
patients, and other labs had corrected genes in single -
cell embryos in a laboratory environment.
Since then, Freeze's lab has created
cell lines
using samples collected
from 10 NGLY1
patients, and he hopes the crowdsourcing campaign will yield testable new hypotheses.
In preclinical studies
using cell models that mimicked liver
cells of
patients with the rare disease Friedreich's ataxia (FA), a widely
used cholesterol - lowering drug increased a precursor of HDL (high - density lipoprotein), the «good cholesterol,» according to new research published in PLOS ONE
from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
«I'm working with Professor Richard Oreffo and Dr Rahul Tare
from the University's Centre for Human Development, Stem
Cells and Regeneration who are trying to create and grow cartilage in the lab using a patients» own (autologous) stem cells to then be implanted back into the patient if they have a cartilage defect,» she expl
Cells and Regeneration who are trying to create and grow cartilage in the lab
using a
patients» own (autologous) stem
cells to then be implanted back into the patient if they have a cartilage defect,» she expl
cells to then be implanted back into the
patient if they have a cartilage defect,» she explains.
In the future the researchers see
using stem
cells taken
from patients to grow new bones.
The Porteus team started with human stem
cells from the blood of
patients with sickle
cell disease, corrected the gene mutation
using CRISPR and then concentrated the human stem
cells so that 90 percent carried the corrected sickle
cell gene.
«We concluded that stem
cells used in cardiac therapy should be drawn
from healthy donors or be better genetically engineered for the
patient.»
Lu's team will extract immune
cells called T
cells from the blood of the enrolled
patients, and then
use CRISPR — Cas9 technology — which pairs a molecular guide able to identify specific genetic sequences on a chromosome with an enzyme that can snip the chromosome at that spot — to knock out a gene in the
cells.
«If you give
patients immune
cells to eradicate any remaining cancer
cells that might be present,» he says, «those immune
cells would not be prevented
from doing their job by ongoing immune suppression drugs that are being
used in
patients treated with conventional transplant approaches.»
Currently, Deng's laboratory is conducting additional preclinical studies
using the human - derived stem
cells from Down syndrome
patients and mouse models to determine whether cellular and behavioral abnormalities can be improved with minocycline therapy and other candidate drugs.
In that case, any
cell from a
patient could be
used to whip up perfect tissue matches — histocompatible in the parlance of immunology — for treating a range of conditions.
Whether investigating fat
cells, immunotherapy or
use of the CRISPR - Cas 9 gene - editing tool, which a federal panel recently approved for a select number of
patients suffering
from three types of cancers, including multiple myeloma, approaches beyond attacking cancer
cells are needed in the fight against many cancers.
Using a novel isolation method, scientists isolated T
cells from synovial fluid
from patients with rheumatoid arthritis that produced IL - 21 and TNF and compared these with
cells that did not produce this cytokine.
The new technique can also be
used to grow muscle
cells from iPS
cells from patients with neuromuscular diseases like ALS, spinal muscular atrophy and muscular dystrophy.
Nerve
cells extracted
from a
patient's own nose could one day be
used to cure paralysis.
Researchers can create iPSCs
from a
patient's blood or skin
cells, and
use these
patient - specific
cells to study diseases or even create new tissues that could be transplanted back into the
patient as therapy.
The study team removed fibroblasts (skin
cells)
from DBA
patients, and in
cell cultures,
using proteins called transcription factors, reprogrammed the
cells into iPSCs.
Another key finding of the research was that the impact of vitamin D on inflammatory disease can not be predicted
using cells from healthy individuals or even
from the blood of
patients with inflammation as
cells from the disease tissue are very different.
Using tumor samples
from a
patient, they do lab tests to determine which substances can first make the different types of cancer
cells uniform and then effectively kill them.
She is one of 16
patients in the first U.S. trial
using cells extracted
from adult bone marrow to reverse advanced heart failure.
The initial experiments made
use of cancer
cells that Quiñones - Hinojosa and his team removed
from willing
patients and grew in the laboratory until they formed little spheres of
cells, termed oncospheres, likely to be the most resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, and capable of creating new tumors.
For this study, Nakano and his collaborators
used cancer
cells from 40
patients with high - grade gliomas, focusing on tumor
cells with a stem -
cell signature.
Using a labor - intensive
cell culturing technique for hunting retroviruses that he had pioneered in the 1970s, Ruscetti had transmitted the pathogen
from patients» T -
cells to uninfected T -
cells in the laboratory.
Regulatory changes, under which the Japanese government allowed the distribution of iPS
cells for clinical
use, also prompted researchers to switch the study to a more efficient process of
using cells from third - party donors instead of
using a
patient's own
cells.
Researchers have developed a new way to study bone disorders and bone growth,
using stem
cells from patients afflicted with a rare, genetic bone disease.
«Discovery of new T -
cell subtype opens window on rheumatoid arthritis: Finding flows
from researchers»
use of high - tech tools to deeply and efficiently characterize
patient cells.»
To conduct their study, Kaur, Baiocchi and their colleagues
used tumor tissue
from patients,
cell lines and an animal model.
Growing mini tumours in the lab
from a
patient's own
cells could help doctors discover the best way to treat each person, homing in on the right drugs to
use
Using tumor biopsies
from melanoma
patients, the researchers could show that there is a positive correlation between the production of CCL5 and the infiltration of NK
cells.
And by creating personalized organoids
from the reprogrammed
cells of
patients, scientists could study disease in a very individualized way — or maybe even
use organoid structures to replace certain damaged tissues, such as in the liver or spinal cord.
For the CRISPR trial, a UPenn - led team wants to remove T
cells from patients and
use a harmless virus to give the
cells a receptor for NY - ESO - 1, a protein that is often present on certain tumors but not on most healthy
cells.
In a collaborative effort between the Gladstone laboratories of Benoit Bruneau, PhD, Katherine Pollard, PhD, and Dr. Srivastava, the scientists
used stem
cell technology to make large amounts of endothelial
cells from patients with CAVD, comparing them to healthy
cells and mapping their genetic and epigenetic changes as they developed into valve
cells.
To see if PGD and the pentose phosphate pathway were tied to the epigenetic changes the researchers had detected in distant metastases, they treated tumor
cells from different sites in a single
patient with the drug 6 - aminonicotinamide (6AN), which is known to inhibit PGD but is not
used in humans because of its severe side effects.
Now Ahern has discovered that some drugs
used to put
patients to sleep may also increase postoperative pain
from the procedure itself by boosting the activity of a protein called TRPA1 on the surface of pain - sensing nerve
cells.
After running the simulations at IU Bloomington, Bacallao confirmed the cyst growth predictions seen in the virtual cysts in experiments
using real human
cells cultivated
from polycystic kidneys
from patients at the IU School of Medicine.
«That's one of the big goals: to engineer these
cells from patients and then
use them to study those
patients» diseases.»
Cell transplantation as a treatment for diabetes is still essentially experimental,
uses cells from cadavers, requires the
use of powerful immunosuppressive drugs, and has been available to only a very small number of
patients.