If you look at all of them, they are
using coal and nuclear, renewables are just supplementary.
It would also be interseting to
use coal and nuclear together to make liquid fuels for transportation.
Not exact matches
A number of
coal -
and oil - fired power plants will likely be retired,
and while Virginia's four existing
nuclear units will remain in
use, plans for a fifth reactor remain shelved, for now.
NEW YORK, April 1 - FirstEnergy Corp said late on Saturday its
nuclear and coal power plant units filed for bankruptcy court protection as the company looks to restructure, sell assets
and win government support to cope with competitors
using lower - cost natural gas.
On the supply side, IEA said governments need to develop policies that encourage the spread of offshore wind power,
nuclear energy
and natural gas, while discouraging the continued
use of the most inefficient
coal - fired technology.
Macron has also said he wants to phase out France's
use of
coal power in five years
and reduce its reliance on
nuclear power to 50 % by 2025.
Higher
use of oil
and gas in transport, heating
and industry would lead EON
and RWE to export its surplus energy from
coal, gas,
and nuclear to other European markets that are lagging behind.
LNG will play its part in this dynamic, offering a cleaner energy solution to the
coal Japan is burning to replace its broken
nuclear capacity
and China is
using to fuel its rapid acceleration through a phase of industrialization.
If electricity
use continues to double every nine years, huge amounts of power will have to come from 500 years» worth of
coal supplies
and lots of
nuclear power plants — by this time possibly breeder or fusion plants.
So if we have hydro
and it is not as reliable as it
used to be in the past, we can supplement with
nuclear or
coal because that is much cheaper, 5, 6 or even 7 cents, it is far cheaper.
If China's
use of renewable
and nuclear energy grows at a plausible rate,
and the country captures some of its emissions from
coal - burning power stations
and keeps making improvements in energy efficiency, by 2050 its total emissions could end up 4 per cent lower than today, says Zhou.
Germany is poised to
use it as a substitute for the
nuclear plants it will shut down by 2022 (see «Germany will
use coal and gas to plug
nuclear power gap»).
With more money for development of novel designs
and public financial support for construction — perhaps as part of a clean energy portfolio standard that lumps in all low - carbon energy sources, not just renewables or a carbon tax —
nuclear could be one of the pillars of a three - pronged approach to cutting greenhouse gas emissions:
using less energy to do more (or energy efficiency), low - carbon power,
and electric cars (as long as they are charged with electricity from clean sources, not
coal burning).
If such developments were to occur elsewhere, either because of shale gas or the advent of a truly global natural gas market, then, according to our analysis, this could have a major impact on the
use of different fuels — oil, gas,
coal, renewables,
and nuclear.»
Many environmental groups oppose
nuclear power
and any
use of
coal, even with carbon capture
and sequestration technology.
December 8, 2017 India's steel industry, like America's, is dominated by electric - based processes November 20, 2017 Link between growth in economic activity
and electricity
use is changing around the world November 16, 2017 Growth in global energy - related carbon dioxide emissions expected to slow November 8, 2017 EIA forecasts growth in world
nuclear electricity capacity, led by non-OECD countries October 25, 2017 China leads the growth in projected global natural gas consumption October 10, 2017 Buildings energy consumption in India is expected to increase faster than in other regions October 4, 2017 Global gas - to - liquids growth is dominated by two projects in South Africa
and Uzbekistan September 27, 2017 Chinese
coal - fired electricity generation expected to flatten as mix shifts to renewables September 19, 2017 Beyond China
and India, energy consumption in non-OECD Asia continues to grow September 14, 2017 EIA projects 28 % increase in world energy
use by 2040
Among Freeman's specific recommendations are a «20 percent federal tax credit to electricity
and natural gas utilities that gives highest priority to the efficient
use of the energy they supply,»
and ban on new
coal or
nuclear plants
and retirement of the existing plants within the next 30 years, government - funded demonstration plants for Big Solar
and hydrogen, increasing federal fuel economy standards one mile - per - gallon a year over the next 24 years, tax credits for plug - in hybrids or flex - fuel vehicles,
and an excess - profits tax on oil to fund the tax credits.
Possible agents include
nuclear radiation
and fallout, chemicals
used in dry cleaning
and other cleaning supplies, benzene,
coal tar
and its derivatives, asbestos, arsenic, PVC, gasoline
and petroleum products
and other hydrocarbons, pesticides, cosmetic chemicals,
and many others.
[166] The study considered the mix of power sources for 13 U.S. regions that would be
used during recharging of vehicles, generally a combination of
coal, natural gas
and nuclear energy,
and to a lesser extend renewable energy.
If / when oil gets over $ 100 / barrel
and stays there, a combination of
coal,
nuclear, solar
and wind will be
used to generate electricity,
and electric cars will become more common.
Some environmental groups are starting to soften their blanket opposition to
nuclear power as an option for cutting
coal use and emissions, but most still maintain that bright line in the sand.
Because make fuel from CO2 means to continue to dig
coal and oil
and use huge amount of energy from
nuclear, these make this idea lose advantage much.
Of course, the energy mix
used also matters — emissions vary depending on where the solar modules are made, perhaps also where
nuclear fuel is mined, how far oil
and coal must be transported, etc..
I think that in a sustainable energy economy of the future, most electricity will be generated, stored
and used locally,
and large centralized generating stations (which by then will be predominantly wind turbine farms
and concentrating solar thermal power plants,
coal and nuclear having been phased out) will play a much smaller role.
Coal and oil
use climb relentlessly, at a rate similar to that for growth in wind, solar,
and nuclear power, but in vastly larger quantities.
Meanwhile we will spend lots of money on things of limited
use while not doing things like substituting gas for
coal,
and nuclear, than can have a big effect now.
China is going gangbusters on renewables (in addition to
coal)
and on shifting to more efficient
coal use (
and continuing with
nuclear and, of course, gas).
Using natural gas could both hasten the return to
coal for domestic heating
and electricity, as well as help push Canada toward building more
nuclear power plants.
But until we get to those stages, improved energy storage schemes such as hydrogen, could be
used to run other sources of electricity, such as
nuclear and clean
coal plants, as base - load (24 hours a day) rather than cyce to respond to demand requirements.
The plan calls for tapping a financial model that utilities have long
used to build
nuclear,
coal -
and natural gas - fired plants: by tacking costs — plus a profit — onto customers» bills.
Using nuclear heat to gasify waste
and sequestering the CO2 fraction is going to be more sustainable than anything running on
coal.
Tennessee
uses hydroelectric power with
coal and nuclear power to keep the lights on for its residents, who
use more electricity per capita than any other state, according to the NRDC.
Heavily tax
coal, don't let the power companies pass the cost to the consumer,
use the funds to build
nuclear plants
and auction them back to the power companies.
Between 1966
and 1974, the Sierra Club started to favor
coal over
nuclear, even though prominent
nuclear advocates like Oak Ridge National Lab's Alvin Weinberg were warning the world of the threat of global warming from continued
coal use.
Severnini's methods — which took into consideration the geographical
and temporal variation in exposure to the additional pollution — could be
used to estimate future health impacts in nations that are closing
nuclear plants
and replacing them with plants
using coal and other fossil fuels such as Germany, Japan,
and the USA.
Ray Long, vice president of National State
and Federal Government Affairs at NRG noted his company, one of the largest independent power producers in the nation, owns a fleet that
uses diverse fuel sources, including
nuclear,
coal, gas, wind,
and solar.
As an economy reduces its emissions it will start with the cheapest abatement measures (energy savings)
and then move to the more expensive measures by replacing energy -
using equipment
and switching from high - emission sources such as
coal to low emission sources such as natural gas
and nuclear power.
But our current fleet of power generation can't readily be
used for peaking power plants,
Nuclear 28 %
and coal 60 %.
If CO2 is such an existential threat, why is Germany still
using coal,
and why is Germany eliminating
nuclear power?
But delivering those same services with less energy, more productively
used, could shrink 2050 usage to 71 quads, eliminate the need for oil,
coal,
nuclear energy,
and one - third of the natural gas,
and save $ 5 trillion in net - present - valued cost.
Obama's energy plan would
use some of the revenue generated from the cap -
and - trade permit auction to invest in climate - friendly energy development including advanced biofuels, locally - owned biofuel refineries, low - carbon
coal technologies,
and nuclear power.
According to a River Network report in June, electricity production by
coal,
nuclear and natural gas power plants is the fastest - growing
use of freshwater in the U.S., accounting for more than half of all fresh, surface water withdrawals from rivers.
Nuclear power would provide many other benefits as well: energy security, reliable energy supply, reduce shipping costs
and energy
used in shipping
coal by a factor of 20,000 to 2 million, provide fresh water, no need for carbon pricing, avoid 1 million fatalities per year by 2050,... https://judithcurry.com/2012/08/17/learning-from-the-octopus/#comment-231867.
[1] The Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 defines «clean» electricity as «electricity generated at a facility placed in service after 1991
using renewable energy, qualified renewable biomass, natural gas, hydropower,
nuclear power, or qualified waste - to - energy;
and electricity generated at a facility placed in service after enactment that
uses qualified combined heat
and power (CHP), [which] generates electricity with a carbon - intensity lower than 0.82 metric tons per megawatt - hour (the equivalent of new supercritical
coal), or [electricity generated] as a result of qualified efficiency improvements or capacity additions at existing
nuclear or hydropower facilities -LSB-; or] electricity generated at a facility that captures
and stores its carbon dioxide emissions.»
Depending on what kind of technology you're
using, solar could either be cheaper than
coal, gas,
and nuclear... or it could be one of the most expensive energy sources out there.
Five areas, carbon capture
and storage (CCS),
coal,
nuclear, building energy
use and building energy efficiency are all off track, the IEA says (red squares, below).
He repeatedly vilifies the oil, gas,
coal and nuclear power that provide fully 94 % of US energy, calling it «a strategy that traps us in the past,»
and using his Executive Branch powers to delay, obstruct
and punish those vital fossil fuel
and nuclear energy sources.
The point is that since 1960
coal use has been substituted with oil, natural gas
and nuclear energy.
The EPA regulations call for increasing the
use of state - of - the - art, natural gas - fired power plants in place of
coal plants; increasing renewable energy sources; avoiding retirement of existing
nuclear plants;
and supporting energy efficiency.
It is ironic that while
coal use is increasing rapidly in China
and India, it is also increasing in Europe where governments have been anti-CO2 fanatics in the past but have decided to stop
nuclear power, which emits no CO2 whatsoever.