Sentences with phrase «using iron fertilization»

Not exact matches

From these relationships and reconstructed temperature time series, we diagnose glacial − interglacial time series of dust radiative forcing and iron fertilization of ocean biota, and use these time series to force Earth system model simulations.

After that come a bunch of ocean fertilization schemes, using phosphorous, nitrogen and iron, all of which offer something in the region of 0.1 - 0.2 W / m ².

We deal with iron fertilization in the context of the Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) model (41) for which reduction of high - latitude new production (relative to that which would occur if phytoplankton there could make full use of all available nutrients) is expressed in terms of an efficiency factor (see equation 19 in ref.

We carried out a number of DCESS model simulations over the last three glacial cycles using the dust radiative and / or iron fertilization forcings shown in Fig. 4 and Fig.

1 to bin means and medians using an alternative low - passed filtered, Greenland temperature anomaly time series (SI Materials and Methods) and application of that time series to construct alternative radiative forcing time series, (iv) radiative forcing calculated for 50 % decrease / increase compared with our standard LGM value (RFLGM = − 0.5 and − 1.5 W ⋅ m − 2), and (v) iron fertilization forcing calculated for 50 % decrease / increase of the difference between standard LGM and present - day values (IFLGM = 0.43 and 0.57).

We use the above dust deposition − temperature relationships to derive climate dependencies of dust radiative and iron fertilization forcing under the assumption that both forcings vary in proportion to the dust deposition, and can therefore be expressed in the same form as Eq.

Since dust radiative and iron fertilization forcing are mainly concentrated in the NH and the SH, respectively, we use respective NH and SH temperature time series for this.

This allows us to scale the two records by their respective interglacial levels, combine them to better resolve the Southern Ocean, and use the combined record as our proxy for glacial / interglacial iron fertilization forcing.

The climate feedbacks involved with these changes, which are key in understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron fertilization + the importance of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth system.