Making the leap from 2D printing of ink on paper, new «printers» are
using molten plastic to build real objects with height, depth and breadth.
Three piping loops would cool the reactor: the primary loop (
using molten sodium), an intermediate sodium loop between the radioactive primary system and the steam generators, and a water loop to generate steam for the turbine.
Solar developers have tried to solve this problem a number of ways, and
using molten
Solar developers have tried to solve this problem a number of ways, and
using molten salt to store the heat is one of the most promising.
«Permitting in California is about as difficult as you will see anywhere,» he explained, adding that the process «made it clear there were no dangers associated with
using molten salts.»
APS» Solana Generating Station, near Gila Bend, is a 280 MW Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) power plant that includes storage, providing up to 6 hours of electricity after the sun sets by
using molten salt to store heat, which then turns a steam turbine.
And skeptics doubt that concentrating solar power, even
using molten salt, will be able to match coal - and natural gas — powered electricity.
The benefit of
using molten salt as both the energy collector that creates steam and the energy storage mechanism, however, is that it eliminates the need for expensive heat exchangers to go between different fluids.
Most concentrating solar power plants with a storage component
use molten salt to save up heat and release it at night to boil water and spin a turbine.
Because of the centralized design such a structure can operate at much higher temperatures — up to 1,000 degrees F (535 degrees C)-- and
use molten salts directly as the fluid transferring heat in the power plant.
Other solar - thermal developers also have large towers under construction in Morocco and Chile that will
use molten salt.
Biologists
use molten metal and 3 - D modeling to uncover how large - clawed scorpions build homes in a harsh climate.
China has or is building heavy - water reactors from Canada, «evolutionary» pressurized - water reactors from France, pebble - bed reactors tested in South Africa, and even is working on reactors that would
use molten salt for cooling and thorium for fuel.
Some use molten salt as a kind of thermal battery.
Solar thermal generation can
use molten salt for heat storage, which will retain its heat very efficiently on this time scale.
Unlike most other CSP plants that use synthetic oil as the intermediary fluid, Crescent Dunes
uses molten salt, which has more advantageous thermal properties.
The system was redesigned in 1995 and renamed Solar Two, which
used molten salt as an energy storage medium.
Early power towers, such as the Solar One plant, utilized steam as the heat transfer fluid; current designs
use molten salts because of superior heat transfer and energy storage capabilities.
Not exact matches
Virgin Volcanic planned to power the VVS1 probe by
using heat from the
molten lava, thus developing a totally renewable energy source.
General Fusion's system
uses a sphere, filled with
molten lead - lithium that is pumped to form a vortex.
I thought about making this dessert because I love
molten cake, but also because I was dreaming of the sour cherry packed layered chocolate cake my Grandma
used to...
Adhesive laminating is a process that laminates multiple webs of material together
using adhesives instead of
molten plastic resin.
I love the brown sugar meringue, in fact I
used one just this past weekend when I made my
molten chocolate cakes, but I love the
use of it in this recipe.
It's a healthier take on the traditional
molten chocolate cake,
using honey instead of processed sugar and high - quality, dairy - free chocolate.
Using a fork, drop the hardened peanut butter balls into the
molten chocolate and roll until entirely covered with chocolate.
This hazelnut butter cake is covered in a decadent sea salt caramel that will fit in a small saucepan, but make sure you
use something larger — the
molten sauce bubbles up quite a lot.
The material they were
using, antimony sulfide, is a
molten semiconductor, which normally would not allow for the kind of electrolytic process that is
used to produce aluminum and some other metals through the application of an electric current.
Upham et al.
used nickel dissolved in
molten bismuth to pyrolyze methane to release hydrogen and form carbon, which floats to the surface of the melt, where it can be removed.
Simply
use the sunlight to heat up the salts and put those
molten salts in proximity to water via a heat exchanger.
As efficient as solar - thermal power plants
using parabolic troughs with
molten salt storage systems like Andasol 1 or Solana are, they don't capture as much of the sun's heat as is possible.
«You can store the energy
using thermal or chemical means,» she adds, such as by
using a chemical such as
molten salt that liquefies when heated and then gives off that heat when it later solidifies.
The state hosts vast photovoltaic arrays in the desert as well as the nation's first commercial power plant with the technology to
use sunshine at night — by storing daytime heat in
molten salts.
«We are
using sharp needles at a high temperature, when the plastic is
molten,» explains John Hughes, the inventor of the fingerprinting system.
Gemasolar, in Fuentes de Andalucía near Seville in Spain, is the first commercial - scale plant to
use an innovative «battery» that stores energy as
molten salts.
And although a handful of other concentrating solar plants around the world
use solar rays to heat water directly into steam, it is much more volatile than
molten salt and can not be easily stored, Ho explains.
Now, two independent groups have reanalyzed the Apollo data
using modern but very different techniques, and both teams say they have detected lunar seismologists» prime target: a core of iron that is still
molten 4.5 billion years after the moon's formation.
As the iron changed from solid to
molten, they measured the temperature by noting a change in how X-rays were diffracted — a faster, more precise method than the simple visual techniques
used in older experiments.
The Kyoto University team fabricated their molybdenum silicide - based materials
using a method known as «directional solidification,» in which
molten metal progressively solidifies in a certain direction.
Scientists in the area of paleomagnetism
use magnetic minerals to investigate the history of the earth's magnetic field and its formation from
molten metal flowing within the earth's core, the so - called geodynamo.
The
use of the method is particularly interesting for thermoplastic fiber composites, since in their production, the
molten polymer is very viscous, does not penetrate into the interior and only wets the fibers superficially.
Much like a forensic team recreates a scene to determine how a crime was committed, researchers at the University of New Hampshire are
using scientific sleuthing to better understand the journey of magma, or
molten rock, in one of Europe's largest and most active volcanoes, Mount Etna.
However, the thermal energy CSP generates can be held back for several hours via storage systems such as
molten salts — and then
used after the sun sets when demand is still high for, say, air conditioning, television, and lighting.
But by coating the metal particles
used to 3D print components with zirconium nanoparticles, researchers at HRL Laboratories in California have found a way to create a crystalline framework for the
molten alloy to follow as it cools (Nature, doi.org/cdhp).
Current solar facilities reflect the sun's rays off of curved mirrors to heat water or mineral oil, but experimental systems
use materials such as
molten salt, which could run far hotter and be stored in insulated tanks for hours or days.
The 19 - megawatt tower will be the first in the world to
use a mixture of
molten salts to transfer heat from the receiver on top of the tower to a heat exchanger where steam to drive the turbines is generated.
The firing process
using nitrogen resulted in the formation of more metallic lead, reducing the solubility of silver in the
molten glass.
Johnson then
used another model to determine the type of collision that could melt and eject
molten material.
While typical processes start with
molten titanium, our team
used titanium hydride powder — cutting processing time in half and significantly reducing energy consumption.
Mao created a tiny sample of
molten silicate and iron, squeezed these together between two diamonds, and heated the samples
using a laser.
A jet stream within the Earth's
molten iron core has been discovered by scientists
using the latest satellite data that helps create an «x-ray» view of the planet.