Sentences with phrase «using temperature observations»

Not exact matches

Fritz Zwicky used it for the first time to declare the observed phenomena consistent with dark matter observations as the rotational speeds of galaxies and orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters, gravitational lensing of background objects by galaxy clusters such as the Bullet cluster, and the temperature distribution of hot gas in galaxies and clusters of galaxies.

For certain lots, he says, his scientific observations have led him to ferment at a lower temperature than he used to.

Measuring - Temperature and Thermometers Classifying Components of Mixtures Predicting - Surveying Opinion SAPA Part C, Directions for the Multiplication Game SAPA Part C and E, Multiplication Game SAPA Part D 1st Draft, c. 1972 The Whirling Dervish The Bouncing Ball The Effect of Liquid on Living Tissue Rate of Change Observing Growth from Seeds An Intro to Scales Forces on Static and Moving Objects Observations and Inferences Using Punch Cards to Record a Classification Using Maps to Describe Location A Tree Diary SAPA Part D 2nd Draft Observations and Inferences The Bouncing Ball Rate of Change A Tree Diary An Intro to Scales and Scaling Observing Growth from Seeds (The Bean - It Came Up) Forces on Static and Moving Objects Using Punch Cards to Record a Classification Relative Position and Motion Inferring - The Water Cycle Predicting 4 - The Suffocating Candle The Big Cleanup Campaign 2 - D Representation of Spatial Figures Using Maps to Describe Location SAPA Part D Tryout Draft, 1972 Observations and Inferences The Bouncing Ball Measuring Drop by Drop Rate of Change Predicting 4 - The Suffocating Candle Forces on Static and Movign Objects Observing Growth from Seeds Using Space / Time Relationships -2-D Representation of Spatial Figures Using Punch Cards to Record a Classification An Introduction to Scales and Scaling The Effect of Liquid on Living Tissue Inferring - The Water Cycle Relative Position and Motion Using Maps to Describe Location The Big Cleanup Campaign A Tree Diary SAPA II Module (s), c. 1973 1, Tentative Format Sample, Perception of Color 9, Sets and Their Members 6, Direction and Movement, Draft 34, About How Far?

The stark temperature difference contrasts with previous observations of another gas planet, HD 189733b, using the Spitzer Space Telescope, which found a fairly even temperature around the planet of about 1000 kelvin.

Experiments conducted in 1992 using NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer provided the first images of the temperature variations, and later observations from other instruments hinted at the presence of a peak.

NOAA's Coral Reef Watch uses satellite observations of sea surface temperatures and modeling to monitor and forecast when water temperatures rise enough to cause bleaching.

They could also record a planet's passage in front of and then behind its star, using the difference between the two observations to crudely measure a world's temperature, weather patterns and clouds.

Related sites Abstract of paper, with link to full text Chandra X-ray Observatory FUSE satellite, used in similar studies of lower - temperature gas Observations of Markarian 421 blazar Shull's home page

The system uses satellite observations of the timing and intensity of vegetation activity and how this relates to temperature and soil moisture to classify the world's vegetation into 24 biome types.

Using global climate models and NASA satellite observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.

Rutgers University scientist Georgiy Stenchikov worked with Lioy and others to create the most up - to - date air contaminant model, using data about the region's wind, temperature, and humidity to supplement surface and space - based observations.

«Basically, we're taking satellite observations that say it's getting darker and taking a model that simulates temperature and snow morphology and using that to calculate how snowpack has evolved,» Doherty said.

«Using observations and model simulations, we've demonstrated that rising Pacific - Atlantic temperatures were the major driver of rapid Arctic warming in the early 20th century.»

Using updated and corrected temperature observations taken at thousands of weather observing stations over land and as many commercial ships and buoys at sea, the researchers show that temperatures in the 21st century did not plateau, as thought.

Surface temperature observations become sparser going back further in time, however, and the most widely used datasets only go back to 1880 or 1850.

These types of observations can be used to look for vertical variations of the chemical constituents and temperature structure.

Previous observation of 2M1207b using Hubble revealed an incredibly hot planet with temperatures of 2,200 to 26,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

To account for changes in observation times, the RSS group used a number of different approaches and models to try and estimate what the temperature would have been if the measurement time remained constant.

This involves a combination of satellite observations (when different satellites captured temperatures in both morning and evening), the use of climate models to estimate how temperatures change in the atmosphere over the course of the day, and using reanalysis data that incorporates readings from surface observations, weather balloons and other instruments.

In contrast to this observational approach, Schmittner (as well as a number of other papers, like reference # 4 in this post) take advantage of both models and observations, and try to use the observations to constrain which feedback parameters in the model are consistent (e.g., an overly sensitive model with the same forcings as another model will produce too big of a temperature change than observations allow).

This method tries to maximize using pure observations to find the temperature change and the forcing (you might need a model to constrain some of the forcings, but there's a lot of uncertainty about how the surface and atmospheric albedo changed during glacial times... a lot of studies only look at dust and not other aerosols, there is a lot of uncertainty about vegetation change, etc).

Forster and Gregory (2006) estimate ECS based on radiation budget data from the ERBE combined with surface temperature observations based on a regression approach, using the observation that there was little change in aerosol forcing over that time.

We use simple representations of the carbon cycle and global temperature, consistent with observations, to simulate transient global temperature and assess carbon emission scenarios that could keep global climate near the Holocene range.

Salt and cancer Balancing an iodine deficiency; 3 types of people In the 1st case of balancing an iodine deficiency Possible allergic reactions to taking iodine Lugol's iodine / iodide in Solution Dosage My use of the Iodoral 12.5 mg iodine / iodide tablet form Monitoring for activation of iodine Maintenance dose of iodine supplementation My iodine is not activating «person 2» Niacin and its unique characteristics Niacin, bleeding and notes of caution My basal cell temperature is normal / possible infection «person 3» Iodine Spot Loading Test Recapping the 3 types of people with iodine deficiency Tumors and topical application of iodine Cellect / Budwig protocol; step 4 addition of the nutritional product Cellect including Cellect / Budwig notations through observations

Teaching points that are covered in the topic are listed below: Understand that it is important to be able to grow plants well because they provide food and other items for us To know that all food chains begin with a green plant To understand the function of the parts of a plant To understand that plants need leaves in order to grow well To plan an appropriate investigation To make careful observations and measurements of plants growing To use simple apparatus to measure the height of plants in standard measures To use results to draw conclusions and provide explanations To know that water is transported through the stem to other parts of the plant To know that that plants need light for healthy growth To know that plants need water, but not unlimited water, for healthy growth To know that temperature can affect the growth of plants To ask questions about the growth of plants To plan a fair test To write a clear conclusion

Weather observations: Temperature can be recorded using a thermometer or a weather app.

It uses observations of materials expanding as a basis for inferring temperatures, which can not be observed directly.

(6) In a case where a specimen is collected under direct observation because of the temperature being out of range, you must process both the original specimen and the specimen collected using direct observation and send the two sets of specimens to the laboratory.

Monitoring anesthesia through the use of electrocardiogram (EKG), pulse oximetry, capnography, blood pressure and body temperature, as well as visual observation

Include any observations of your cat's behavior and activity level leading up to an event, indoor and outdoor temperatures, weather conditions, and any household activities such as vacuuming and cleaning or projects using paints or chemicals.

Improved constraints on 21st - century warming derived using 160 years of temperature observations.

Although some earlier work along similar lines had been done by other paleoclimate researchers (Ed Cook, Phil Jones, Keith Briffa, Ray Bradley, Malcolm Hughes, and Henry Diaz being just a few examples), before Mike, no one had seriously attempted to use all the available paleoclimate data together, to try to reconstruct the global patterns of climate back in time before the start of direct instrumental observations of climate, or to estimate the underlying statistical uncertainties in reconstructing past temperature changes.

This is the same thing that became evident when RealClimate used that broad range of outputs to explain why there are «no» clear model - data inconsistencies regarding the tropical troposphere temperature observations.

The reanalyses are closely tied to the measurements at most locations where observations — such as 2 - meter temperature, T (2m), or surface pressure — are provided and used in the data assimilation.

Using the known amplification of the solar cycle (and presumably the long term trend) in the UV band, allowing stratospheric temperatures and circulation patterns to adjust and including the direct radiative forcings from the sun and volcanoes, we found that it gave temperature anomalies and spatial patterns that were in fair agreement with the observations (Shindell et al, 2003).

Hansen et al. (1995) used a simplified GCM to investigate the impacts of various climate forcings on the diurnal cycle of surface air temperature and compared them with observations.

The RF time series are linked to the observations of ocean heat content and temperature change through an energy balance model and a stochastic model, using a Bayesian approach to estimate the ECS from the data.

Regardless of whether such adjustments are applied to the climate model output, the observations, using the latest data, fall inside the modeled range when we consider the numerous sources of uncertainty for surface temperature data (c.f. Fig 4).

To conduct its analysis, GISS uses publicly available data from 6,300 meteorological stations around the world; ship - and buoy - based observations of sea surface temperature; and Antarctic research station measurements.

Three different ozone databases provide regression fits to the ozone observations, and are available for use in model studies of the influence of ozone changes on stratospheric and tropospheric temperatures.

Arbetter, 4.7, Statistical A statistical model using regional observations of sea ice area and global NCEP air temperature, sea level pressure, and freezing degree day estimates continues the trend of projecting below - average summer sea ice conditions for the Arctic.

More slight of hand in his figure 4 where he used very different temperature scales to make it look as if his selected CMIP3 runs were close to matching observations.

The scientists, using computer models, compared their results with observations and concluded that global average annual temperatures have been lower than they would otherwise have been because of the oscillation.

To conduct its analysis, GISS uses publicly available data from three sources: weather data from more than a thousand meteorological stations around the world; satellite observations of sea surface temperature; and Antarctic research station measurements.

the 1.5 to 2 m observations of minimum temperatures that are used as part of the analysis to assess climate system heat changes (e.g., such as used to construct Figure SPM - 3 of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [2007] and of Parker [2004, 2006] study) lead to a greater long term temperature trend than would be found if higher heights within the surface boundary layer were used.

If only GHG forcing is used, without aerosols, the surface temperature in the last decade or so is about 0.3 - 0.4 C higher than observations; adding in aerosols has a cooling effect of about 0.3 - 0.4 C (and so cancelling out a portion of the GHG warming), providing a fairly good match between the climate model simulations and the observations.

Using data from 9,000 observations collected over the course of the 11 trials and 30 years, the researchers developed a model to simulate how rises in temperature could affect sorghum yields.

The data used in estimating the Levitus et al. (2005a) ocean temperature fields (for the above heat content estimates) do not include sea surface temperature (SST) observations, which are discussed in Chapter 3.

The Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI) project will accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1991 to 2010, using observations from many Temperature Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI) project will accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1991 to 2010, using observations from many temperature of the global oceans over the period 1991 to 2010, using observations from many satellites.

Ocean warming: «Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature records» «Tracking ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus» «A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change» «Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006»