There were 863 students in the training only group, 794 students in the training / coaching group, and 630 students in
the usual care control group.
The 63 schools were stratified by SES1, school size, and the number of Grade 6 students, and randomly allocated to training only, training / coaching, and
a usual care control condition such that there were 20, 22, and 21 schools in each condition, respectively.
Second, it was hypothesized that the indicated sample from both intervention groups would show reduced incidences of anxiety and depressive disorders and suicidal ideation / behaviors, and increased recovery from these clinical disorders compared to
the usual care control group.
The study employed two active implementation strategies and one
usual care control condition, the regular Western Australian Health Education Curriculum (Curriculum Council Western Australia, 2001).
The research design therefore included three categorical random effects (school, teacher, student), one categorical fixed effect (group: training only, training / coaching,
usual care control), and one ordinal fixed effect (time: pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2, follow - up).
Children were randomized to either a behavioral diet intervention to promote a diet lower in saturated fat or
a usual care control group.
The NHS healthcare costs were lower for both breathing retraining groups than for
the usual care control group, and were lowest when access was provided digitally.1 Savings made by delivering the programme in this way outweigh any technology provision costs.
Not exact matches
In this study, the intervention group was compared with an attention
control group (taught prenatal and childbirth material by an advanced practice nurse + peer counselor) and a
usual care group (
controls).
Bivariate analyses showed a significant difference between the groups regarding breastfeeding initiation rate (79 vs. 66 vs. 63 %, respectively; P < 0.05) for the intervention, attention
control, and
usual care groups.
The main effect of this intervention was a significant, nearly 3-fold increase in the median duration of any breastfeeding among the intervention compared with the attention
control and
usual care groups (177 vs. 42 vs. 61 d, respectively; P < 0.001).
Controlled crying was compared to «
usual care.»
The parents in the
control group received «
usual care,» which meant no specific recommendation regarding infant sleep.
Control:
usual care, a social assistant would not normally make routine home visits but would visit only when requested to do so by the hospital team.
Control:
usual hospital
care (pamphlets on breastfeeding, a breast pump, lanolin cream and a water bottle);
usual discharge
care (commercial discharge packs) and scheduled healthcare visits at 3 - 5 days and at 2 weeks at the local community health centre.
Control: enhanced usual care; participants received a list of community resources and received a 2 - week contr
Control: enhanced
usual care; participants received a list of community resources and received a 2 - week
controlcontrol call
Parent Infant Feeding Initiative: a randomised
controlled trial involving fathers and mothers to enhance breastfeeding duration with two medium level intervention groups, one high level intervention group and a
control group receiving
usual care
Control: received
usual care, which included bedside breastfeeding assistance before hospital discharge and the phone number of the hospital breastfeeding clinic with instructions to call if needed.
Objective: We evaluated whether a 12 - wk dietary behavior modification (D) treatment to decrease energy intake, physical exercise behavior modification (E) treatment to implement moderate aerobic exercise, or combined dietary and physical exercise behavior modification (DE) treatment compared with
control (
usual care)(C) reduces body weight in lactating women measured at the end of treatment and at a 1 - y follow - up 9 mo after treatment termination.
Control: couples received
usual care, which included standard in - hospital breastfeeding support and any breastfeeding assistance that was proactively sought in the community.
Control:
usual care; all women recruited to the trial will receive
usual hospital postnatal
care and infant feeding support.
Control:
usual care in hospital with assistance from nurses who had received breastfeeding education.
C,
control (
usual care); D, dietary behavior modification; DE, dietary and physical exercise behavior modification; E, physical exercise behavior modification.
Control:
usual care was a 48 - h postpartum contact and 1 postpartum hospital clinic visit (day 3) following a standard plan of
care and lasting up to 45 min.
One group — the so - called
control group — receives the
usual standard of
care.
The
control group maintained
usual care and were asked to continue their
usual leisure time activities.
Richard J. McManus, F.R.C.G.P., of the University of Oxford, and colleagues randomly assigned 552 patients with hypertension and a history of stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease to self - monitoring of blood pressure combined with an individualized self - titration algorithm or a
control group (patients received
usual care consisting of seeing their health
care clinician for routine blood pressure measurement and adjustment of medication if necessary).
A third «
control» group received «
usual care» (262 people), continuing to take normal asthma medication, with no further intervention.
Patients in the
control group received
usual care.
Two groups of 12 subjects each were randomized to receive either a low (15 µg) or a high (75 µg) dose of the vaccine, one injection monthly for the first 4 months, and were monitored for a total of one year; 8 subjects serving as untreated
controls and treated with best
usual care.
And when
control groups are part of a study, patients in those groups typically still receive treatment (which may be the
usual standard of
care) throughout the trial.»
The yoga and treatment as
usual control groups also received «standard medical
care» during the intervention.
A systematic review of 17, randomized
controlled trials found 11 studies that linked regular yoga practice to significantly greater reductions in systolic BP compared to pharmacotherapy, breath awareness, health education, no treatment, or
usual care.
The
control group, on the other hand, was simply given standard medical
care as
usual, and were not given any specific dietary recommendations.
Reviews to date report a small to moderate effect of mindfulness and mantra meditation techniques in reducing emotional symptoms (eg, anxiety, depression, and stress) and improving physical symptoms (eg, pain).7 - 26 These reviews have largely included uncontrolled and
controlled studies, and many of the
controlled studies did not adequately
control for placebo effects (eg, waiting list — or
usual care —
controlled studies).
Control clients will be on the caseload of
usual care nurses.
Those who screened positive were included in the study, and referred to
usual hospital
care (
control) or the outreach community
care program.
Families at the 4
control community health centers received the
usual care.
Control group was
usual maternal and child health
care.
In all studies, the
control group received
usual care, ranging from information on the risks of continued smoking and the benefits of cessation, to handouts for resources, to referral for smoking cessation treatment.
There is a growing evidence base in support of the effectiveness of acupuncture for a range of musculoskeletal conditions11, 12; however, despite its widespread use by participants13 there has been limited evidence for acupuncture as an effective treatment option for depression.14 Patients with strong preferences for psychotherapy or counselling for depression are not likely to engage in antidepressant treatment, 15 yet the evidence for counselling as a treatment for depression is limited16 despite widespread utilisation in primary
care in the UK, with around 90 % of general practices providing on - site counselling services.17 To address this evidence gap, a randomised controlled trial Acupuncture, Counselling or Usual Care for Depression (ACUDep) compared acupuncture or counselling to usual care as treatments for primary care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium t
care in the UK, with around 90 % of general practices providing on - site counselling services.17 To address this evidence gap, a randomised
controlled trial Acupuncture, Counselling or
Usual Care for Depression (ACUDep) compared acupuncture or counselling to usual care as treatments for primary care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium
Usual Care for Depression (ACUDep) compared acupuncture or counselling to usual care as treatments for primary care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium t
Care for Depression (ACUDep) compared acupuncture or counselling to
usual care as treatments for primary care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium
usual care as treatments for primary care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium t
care as treatments for primary
care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium t
care patients with ongoing depression.18 The results showed that acupuncture and counselling were clinically effective in reducing depression in the short to medium term.
Assessing the effectiveness of enhanced psychological
care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as
usual (CADENCE): study protocol for a pilot cluster randomised
controlled trial
Behavior therapy is considered probably efficacious for childhood depression, and a number of other experimental interventions show promise but require further evaluation.12 Currently, only 2 research groups have focused on psychosocial interventions for childhood bipolar disorder.13 - 15 Hence, increased attention to creation and testing of treatments specifically targeting depression and bipolar disorder in children is needed.16 In particular, studies should focus on children's developmental needs, address comorbidity, involve family members in treatment, demonstrate treatment gains as rated by parents and clinicians rather than children themselves, and compare experimental interventions with standard
care or treatment as
usual (TAU) rather than no - treatment or attention
control groups.12, 17,18 In addition, parental psychopathology may affect treatment adherence and response.
An active
control group such as nonspecific or
usual care as used by Goodyer et al51 would have addressed this limitation and may have produced different results.
Eligibility criteria Randomised
controlled trials comparing the efficacy of home - based non-pharmacological interventions with
usual care of patients with depression were included in the review.
Findings from a recent randomized
controlled trial25, 26 found that depressive symptoms declined at a significantly greater rate for intervention participants than
usual care participants between baseline and one week, three months, and six months post-intervention, with the strongest effects found at six months post-intervention.
Control group patients were exposed to
usual care from their GPs, and were evaluated for depressive symptoms at 12 months.
The first phase was a cluster randomised intervention trial in which general practices were randomly allocated to either an intervention group, in which nurse - led collaborative
care was undertaken, or to a wait - list
control group in which
usual care led by the general practitioner (GP) was continued.
Experimental psychoeducational interventions v
usual care or an attentional
control group for depression symptoms in cancer
Control conditions included
usual care, waiting list, and no intervention.
Special training for health visitors, including training in either cognitive behavioural or person centred approaches to treatment (intervention, 89 health visitors at 63 general practitioner (GP) surgeries, 2749 women) or
usual care (
control, 49 health visitors at 38 GP surgeries, 1335 women).