Sentences with phrase «usual scenario for»

In the business as usual scenario for the GHG emissions per barrel of bitumen, the total oil sand GHG emissions until 2020 are as follows: (Herweyer 2007).

This is a more plausible representation of a world with future climate policy than assuming a more business - as - usual scenario for these other pollutants — as has often been done when calculating budgets in the past.

Using the business - as - usual scenario for GHG radiative forcing (RCP8.5) and their novel estimate of Earth's warm - phase climate sensitivity the authors find that the resulting warming during the 21st century overlaps with the upper range of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate simulations.

Rutledge said of the four IPCC scenarios, he found the second RCP scenario, RCP 4.5, where carbon dioxide emissions flatten out around 2080, to be more plausible under a business - as - usual scenario for coal exploitation.

Using business - as - usual scenarios for reactive nitrogen creation and CO2 emissions, several projections suggest that O3 - related human mortality and crop damage will rise sharply in the next few decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where rising temperatures and rising NOx concentrations will interact synergistically to produce more O3.

Not exact matches

The Bank's usual practice is to assume for our projection that oil prices will remain stable and use our economic models to test alternative scenarios.

I expect neither of these to be true for long, but as usual, we'll respond to the evidence as it unfolds - without the need to forecast any particular scenario.

As the parties gather for their autumn conferences this year, they'll know their potential worst - and best - case scenarios are much further apart than usual.

The model produces different jobs and growth projections for a business - as - usual scenario with no technology breakthroughs or major new policies, and then generates different outcomes by factoring in new policies such as a national clean energy standards such as proposed by President Obama; increases in corporate average fuel economy standards; tougher environmental controls on coal - fired power generators; extended investment and production tax credits for clean energy sources and an expanded federal energy loan guarantee program.

«The larval period is a critical stage in the marine fish lifecycle and the ability of cobia larvae to withstand «business - as - usual» scenarios of ocean acidification provides an optimistic outlook for this species.

40 %: expected loss by 2050 of the region's original biodiversity under a «business as usual» scenario for climate change (with loss of 35 - 36 % expected under the three «pathways to sustainability»)

Under the same business - as - usual scenario, the researchers projected higher yields for irrigated crops such as wheat, soybean, and sorghum.

They found that both mitigation scenarios should increase yields for all crops compared to the business - as - usual scenario, including cotton and forage, and that the more ambitious scenario has the potential to reduce the number of water - stressed basins.

In business - as - usual scenarios, consumption — a proxy for economic growth — grows by 1.6 to 3 percent per year over the 21st century.

In using the model to assess the ocean - carbon sink, the researchers assumed a «business as usual» carbon dioxide emissions trajectory, the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario found in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for 2006 - 2010, where emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st century.

They found that the business - as - usual scenario comes with large climate changes the world over and would create entirely new patterns of temperature and precipitation for 12 to 39 percent of Earth's land area.

By using simulations that were created by running the same model multiple times, with only tiny differences in the initial starting conditions, the scientists could examine the range of summertime temperatures we might expect in the future for the «business - as - usual» and reduced - emissions scenarios.

Under the «business - as - usual» scenario for emissions, they found that droughts similar to the 1995 event are expected to take place every year in the region.

«From a regional perspective, the differences in projected future changes are minor when you look at how much each projection says climate will change for the business - as - usual scenario,» said Yueyang Jiang, lead author and a postdoctoral scientist at OSU.

Peabody also agreed to disclose a range of scenarios from the International Energy Agency suggesting declining future demand for coal, changing course from earlier financial statements where the company only disclosed IEA's business - as - usual scenario.

For example, under the «business - as - usual» climate scenario (called RCP8.5 by the UN IPCC, which assumes that emissions continue to grow unabated), there is a 50 per cent chance that local sea - level rise will exceed 22 centimeters at Oslo.

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

In end - of - century projections, summers have the largest increases in average temperature: 6.5 °F (3.6 °C) for the stabilization emission scenario, 11.8 °F (6.6 °C) for the business - as - usual emission scenario.

Average daily minimum and maximum temperatures increase in the mid-century and end - of - century projections for both stabilization and business - as - usual emission scenarios (Figure 2 - 10 shows output for annual average daily maximum temperature).

Differences exist in projections for the stabilization and business - as - usual emission scenarios, with the former consistently showing lower magnitudes of change than the latter.

The projected increase in annual average daily maximum temperature (°F) for each climate division in Montana for the periods 2049 - 2069 and 2070 - 2099 for (A) stabilization (RCP4.5) and (B) business - as - usual (RCP8.5) emission scenarios.

Proving that 2009's The Hangover was a fluke, this sequel returns to filmmaker Todd Phillips» more usual mean - spirited style, abandoning laughs for a series of painfully awkward scenarios held together by a contrived plot.Having finally...

Quite a bit of the discussion is along the predictable and tired paths of building in some corrective measures into «business as usual» scenarios, but at least a few brave voices from within civil society and some governments are pushing for more fundamental changes in economic and political structures.

I expect neither of these to be true for long, but as usual, we'll respond to the evidence as it unfolds - without the need to forecast any particular scenario.

Not only does it fail to achieve a satisfying crescendo from a gameplay perspective, tasking you with simply battling the same enemies as before in a scenario no more challenging than usual, it also can't bring the story to a climax, either, answering absolutely nothing while still managing to set itself up for a sequel.

As usual, players have quite a few tools at their disposal in Training, allowing players to manipulate the A.I for certain scenarios, check out damage data, and more.

As far as the scenarios, you have all the usual suspects: capture the island, protect and destroy, and free - for - all, as well as competitive and siege.

The only problem is adapation for a 4C warmer world may not be adequate for a 5C warmer world — which we (or our progeny) could be seeing by the end of this century in a BAU (or greater than business - as - usual... which is closer to reality) scenario.

Action of emerging economies could take several forms, such as sustainable development policies and measures, an improved and strengthened clean development mechanism, the setting up of plans for the sectors that generate most pollution so as to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions compared with a business as usual scenario.

For a business - as - usual scenario climate models predict 2 - 4 degrees C. (3.5 - 7 degrees F.) warming.

In a business - as - usual scenario, the ocean is expected to contain 1 tonne of plastic for every 3 tonnes of fish by 2025, and by 2050, more plastics than fish (by weight).

The IPCC Summary For Policymakers shows the graph below for a business - as - usual carbon emissions scenario, comparing temperatures in the 1980s with temperatures in the 2020s (orange) and 2090s (reFor Policymakers shows the graph below for a business - as - usual carbon emissions scenario, comparing temperatures in the 1980s with temperatures in the 2020s (orange) and 2090s (refor a business - as - usual carbon emissions scenario, comparing temperatures in the 1980s with temperatures in the 2020s (orange) and 2090s (red).

And that demonstrates how dangerous it potentially is for us to do something that's never happened in the history of the planet... to very dramatically change the CO2 concentration, in a matter of mere decades as compared to the usual centuries or millenia involved in an ice age feedback scenario, through a mechanism never found in nature — uncovering plant matter that's been buried for hundreds of millions of years, and burning it for energy.

For the «business - as - usual» scenario RCP8.5, the model - mean changes in 2090s (compared to 1990s) for sea surface temperature, sea surface pH, global O2 content and integrated primary productivity amount to +2.73 °C, − 0.33 pH unit, − 3.45 % and − 8.6 %, respectiveFor the «business - as - usual» scenario RCP8.5, the model - mean changes in 2090s (compared to 1990s) for sea surface temperature, sea surface pH, global O2 content and integrated primary productivity amount to +2.73 °C, − 0.33 pH unit, − 3.45 % and − 8.6 %, respectivefor sea surface temperature, sea surface pH, global O2 content and integrated primary productivity amount to +2.73 °C, − 0.33 pH unit, − 3.45 % and − 8.6 %, respectively.

30 more years of business - as - usual will make it impossible to keep temperatures from rising beyond Eemian levels (see here for some discussion of stabilisation scenarios), and decisions (on infrastructure, power stations, R&D, etc.) that are being made now will determine the emissions for decades to come.

Raw climate model results for a business - as - usual scenario indicate that we can expect global temperatures to increase anywhere in the range of 5.8 and 10.6 degrees Fahrenheit (3.2 to 5.9 degrees Celsius) over preindustrial levels by the end of the century — a difference of about a factor of two between the most - and least - severe projections.

On any plausible business as usual scenario, emissions will grow substantially, while for any plausible climate science model, we need to reduce emissions substantially if we are to avoid highly damaging climate change.

Following a «business as usual» scenario would see demand for energy double by 2050, the authors warned.

«Even if we were able to use productive plants such as poplar trees or switchgrass, and store 50 % of the carbon contained in their biomass, in the business - as - usual scenario of continued, unconstrained fossil fuel use, the sheer size of the plantations for staying at or below 2 °C of warming would cause devastating environmental consequences,» Boysen says.

«Future Changes in Climate, Ocean Circulation, Ecosystems, and Biogeochemical Cycling Simulated for a Business - as - Usual CO2 Emission Scenario until Year 4000 AD.»

There is no future scenario — regardless of how the remaining carbon budget is apportioned — in which the South has sufficient space to avoid a decarbonization transition so rapid that, in anything like a business - as - usual world, it threatens the South's prospects for development.

With this «business as usual» projections o 1,5 % / year emissions increase for his scenario A, his models predicted a CO2 atmospheric content of 384 ppmV for 2006 (R. Pielke Jr's graph in # 44).

For example, countries can no longer promise to lower carbon pollution below a «business as usual» level without defining what a «business as usual» scenario means.

A «business as usual» scenario is frequently used as the basis for projections of how the future climate will evolve in the absence of climate policy that seeks to reduce emissions.

Using 1860 to 2005 as the historical period, this index has a global mean of 2069 (± 18 years s.d.) for near - surface air temperature under an emissions stabilization scenario and 2047 (± 14 years s.d.) under a «business - as - usual» scenario.