Sentences with phrase «vaccine virus»

The phrase "vaccine virus" refers to a weakened or inactivated form of a disease-causing virus that is used in a vaccine to help our bodies build immunity. It helps to prepare our immune system to fight against the actual virus, should we come into contact with it. Full definition
We used it in animal studies, it was used by people in other countries as a rapidly growing vaccine virus.
That includes tracking the myriad flu strains circulating globally each year in animals and using the data to help develop candidate vaccine viruses.
But vaccine viruses persist in the environment and in a few people who are chronically infected.
However, new studies are showing that certain vaccine viruses actually enable the disease.
The duration of potential vaccine virus transmission may vary.
In a separate study published on October 23 in PLOS Pathogens, a team of researchers — including Hensley — showed vaccine virus strains grown in chicken eggs also acquire a mutation that alters the structure of the same region important for human antibody binding.
Although a woman can excrete rubella vaccine virus in breast milk and transmit the virus to her infant, the infection remains asymptomatic (202 - 205).
«It may still not be perfect, but it will at least be substantially better than current vaccines,» says Kawaoka, who notes no one else has successfully tried to produce high - yield influenza B vaccine virus before now.
Otherwise, persons who receive MMR or its component vaccines do not transmit measles, rubella, or mumps vaccine viruses (206,207).
However, Kawaoka points out that more testing is required to discern whether they would increase vaccine virus yield under industrial conditions.
Such GOF studies are «crucial» for the selection of each year's candidate vaccine viruses because they help WHO identify the riskiest strains in the wild, Schultz - Cherry said.
They selected the combinations of backbone mutations that supported better growth in cell culture, identifying two candidate backbones that led to higher amounts of vaccine virus.
Will reduced - dosage IPV work against a revived vaccine virus even as we cut corners on dosage?
Live vaccine viruses are incapable of causing disease — but the hybrids were as deadly as wild ILT, killing 18 per cent of affected flocks.
Adenoviruses are a common culprit of upper respiratory and stomach ailments, and the immune system attacks them vigorously — more vigorously, in fact, than commonly used vaccine viruses.
Kieny said that for reasons that aren't fully understood, vaccine companies that use eggs to grow vaccine viruses get yields of only 25 % to 50 % of those obtained during the production of seasonal vaccine.
Neutralization could be measured in cell culture with real virus or a recombinant vaccine virus expressing the Ebola virus surface protein, Günther says.
New knowledge of how the virus does so may lead to treatments and perhaps a vaccine
But some scientists worry that lingering vaccine virus could wreak havoc in unvaccinated children once the world is declared polio - free and mass vaccination campaigns finally stop.
Browning and colleagues have now sequenced the new viruses and found that in each case they arose when the European vaccine strain acquired genes from the Australian vaccine viruses.
It is the first time such recombination has been seen between vaccine viruses in the wild.
The best strains we have for a H1N1 swine flu vaccine grow only as half as fast as ordinary vaccine viruses, meaning poorer nations may not get it in time if there is a second wave
To develop the influenza B vaccine virus backbone, Kawaoka's team screened influenza B viruses for random genetic mutations that led to improved replication.
In case it takes a different course, the CDC asked the laboratory that makes candidate vaccine viruses to make one for the swine H3N2.
Per the CDC, growing vaccine viruses in high - yield cell culture may also enable faster and potentially greater production of vaccine.
It's with the inactivated virus, the dead - vaccine virus that Dr. [Jonas] Salk made in the 1950s (versus the live vaccine coverage that [Albert] Sabin developed, which we mainly use in the vaccination program).
It's the vaccine virus replicating in the kid and reverting to virulence.
Within several weeks, we had a high - yielding virus [and] I had the vaccine virus made.
The simple RNA genome lets viruses make millions of copies within days, and many of those copies contain «mistakes,» or mutations, that can slightly alter the vaccine virus and restore its ability to cause disease.
Vaccination for several years after the «last» polio case is recorded will probably be necessary, the WHO says, to protect people from reverted «vaccine virus».
As Aylward says, once the wild virus is eradicated, «then we have to make sure the «vaccine virus» is eradicated».
But therein lies a problem: children born after OPV is phased out will be vulnerable to any vaccine virus still lurking, so polio could stage a very nasty comeback unless we protect them some other way.
Poland and his colleagues have shown that genes are only responsible for 38.8 percent of the variation in the way people respond to the mumps vaccine virus and 45.7 percent of the disparity in how they respond to the rubella vaccine virus.
The contamination occurred because the kidney cells the vaccine virus was grown in came from monkeys infected with SV40.
The real surprise was that, unlike the vaccine viruses, the hybrids were as deadly as wild ILT (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1217134).
The yellow fever vaccine is itself a living virus that can replicate inside the body and, in very rare cases, cause a disease in which the vaccine virus proliferates in multiple organs, often leading to death.
Some researchers have argued that lower doses may be slower to kick the immune system into gear, which could cause the vaccine virus to linger in the body for longer and actually increase the risk of some side effects.
It would foster a closer match for the so - called «vaccine viruses» used to create the world's vaccine supply.
Such a prediction, says Kawaoka, could then be used to more effectively develop the vaccine virus stockpiles the world needs each flu season.
Countries might then use IPV along with bOPV as insurance against type 2, and on its own after the wild virus is gone and vaccine viruses are still dying out.
Upon investigating further, Danuta Skowronski, the lead epidemiologist for flu and emerging pathogens at the British Columbia Centers for Disease Control, and her colleagues reported in PLOS One that the egg - production process had induced three mutations at immunologically important sites in the vaccine virus strain and that these mutations were linked with low vaccine protection.
But the cell lines that produce the vaccine virus are finicky.
Even though the vaccine virus has never caused a polio outbreak, some researchers favor switching to the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is made from wild virus that has been killed.
Mutations can lead to vaccine viruses that no longer match the intended strains of influenza.
That technology is an influenza B vaccine virus «backbone» that would allow producers to grow vaccine viruses at high yield in mammalian cell culture rather than in eggs.
Growing vaccine viruses in high - yield cell culture should improve the ability of seasonal vaccines to protect against influenza A and B because vaccine viruses grown in mammalian cell culture are less likely to mutate compared to those grown in eggs.
Last year, his research team created a high - yield influenza A vaccine virus candidate for cell culture production.
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