Scientists could be one step closer to developing long - awaited
vaccines against viruses such as Zika, West Nile or HIV, thanks to research at Penn State College of Medicine.
Not exact matches
Researchers for the past decade have focused on the T cell approach, based on studies showing that monkeys receiving
such vaccines against simian immunodeficiency
virus, related to HIV, lived longer or had lower viral levels than usual.
«For the current H3N2, we don't have
such studies, so I can't tell you right now the degree the current seasonal
vaccine will protect
against the H3N2
virus,» Fukuda says.
This means that when an unexpected flu strain appears,
such as the 2009 pandemic - causing H1N1
virus, there is no way to rapidly produce a
vaccine against it.
The reliably high percentage of those who develop viremia following exposure to this challenge
virus is another advantage — when most or all volunteers develop viremia or other signs of infection, clinical trials can enroll relatively small numbers of people but still achieve answers to
such questions as whether a candidate
vaccine protects
against infection, she noted.
Kang's primary research focuses on designing and developing effective
vaccines against viral diseases
such as influenza
virus and RSV, but he partnered with a university and research institutes in South Korea that wanted international collaborative projects to study if ginseng can be used to improve health and protect
against disease because of the potential benefit in fighting these
viruses.
In these phase 2 and phase 3 trials, thousands of people who are at risk of contracting the
virus,
such as health workers, will receive the
vaccine to determine whether it can protect
against infection.
Such cross-protection is the case with cowpox and smallpox, and a
vaccine currently in use for Japanese encephalitis protects some animals
against the closely related West Nile
virus.
The study relates to a particular type of
vaccine (killed)
against a particular
virus, influenza, though the findings might hold true for other killed
vaccines and for those
vaccines consisting only of proteins produced by GM in bacteria, yeast or insect cells,
against diseases
such as hepatitis B (HBV) and human papilloma
virus (HPV, the causative agent of cervical cancer).
The study also affirms that a
vaccine that evokes the immune system to produce protective antibodies,
such as ZIKV - 117, could be effective
against the
virus.
Such vaccines are effective
against Bordetella, feline leukemia
virus, Chylamydophila felis, and feline immunodeficiency
virus.
Vaccinations can be put into two categories: core
vaccines, used to protect horses
against diseases that every horse is at risk of contracting (
such as West Nile
virus, Eastern and Western encephalitis, tetanus and rabies), and risk - based
vaccines.
Vaccines against other respiratory causing pathogens,
such as Bordetella, parainfluenza, and adenovirus, may help to prevent a secondary infection in a dog already compromised by the influenza
virus.
In human medicine, our growing knowledge about the role of
viruses as a cause of certain cancers has led to the development of
vaccines as preventives,
such as
vaccines against human papillomaviruses, the main cause of cervical cancer in women.
It has been said that a child in the home of a dog vaccinated with live distemper
virus vaccine will become exposed to the
virus and immunized
against the measles (we do not recommend
such experiments at home).
One
such combination
vaccine is a 7 - in - 1 or 7 - way
vaccine, which protects
against canine distemper, adenovirus, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvovirus, leptospirosis and corona
virus.
Regular canine
vaccines,
such as a 5 in 1, or a 7 in 1, offer some protection
against kennel cough, as many strains of this infection, are caused by the parainfluenza
virus.