By relying on this well -
validated prediction model, the team was able to include subjects who live in unmonitored and less - populated areas so that the effects of air pollution on all 60 million people could be analyzed regardless of whether they lived in urban, suburban, or rural areas.
Application of the CFU - GM assay to predict acute drug - induced neutropenia: an international blind trial to
validate a prediction model for the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of myelosuppressive xenobiotics
Not exact matches
To
validate their computer
modeling predictions, researchers performed experiments in human cancer cell lines, mouse liver samples and primary human hepatocytes.
This allowed them to make very specific
predictions that are different from those produced by classical theory and should make it possible to
validate the new
model experimentally within a year, Yildiz says.
Linear and nonlinear computational
models must be
validated in order to establish confidence in the
prediction and understanding of tokamak disruption physics with and without mitigation.
Further, these machine learning based results can be used to
validate the climate
models so we have confidence in the future
predictions of these
models.
There are examples where it is — for instance in the response to Pinatubo (for which
validated climate
model predictions were made ahead of time — Hansen et al 1992)-- but this is not in general going to be true.
You actually code and run
models, check your
prediction error,
validate and optimize your
models.
I also think most people don't really appreciate the various motivations for building
models, running
models, the process of testing and
validating models and hence in the end why some
models and some
predictions are more worthy or credible than others.
And are those
predictions in different cases then tested against observations again and again to either
validate those
models or generate ideas for potential improvements?
This hierarchy of scientific
models widely respected in Modern Science includes laws (a theory for which all implied
predictions have been
validated) and conjectures (incomplete hypotheses which have not been contradicted.
I can not speak for «the bulk of climate skeptics» (I presume you do not really mean «climate skeptics», but rather «CAGW skeptics»), but I have always concluded that the IPCC
model - derived
predictions for ECS were exaggerated by a factor of 2 - 3, and this position now seems
validated.
What is needed is to rediscover and implement the standard that
models must make novel, nontrivial
predictions (hypotheses) which are subsequently
validated by measurement (theories).
Scientists proposing catastrophic majority anthropogenic global warming
models (a.k.a. «Climate change») bear the burden of proof of providing clear robust evidence supporting
validated model predictions of anthropogenic warming with strong significant differences from this climatic null hypothesis.
Such ignorant politicians do not realize that the very crux of the scientific method is to be scepital of any theory, or
model prediction, until it is
validated by independent experiments.
In as much as none of the
model scenarios can be
validated, all
predictions about future climate conditions amount to nothing more that, «Wait to see if our
predictions come true; you'll see then.
Science assesses these
models according to whether future measurements (observations reduced to facts)
validate their
predictions.
The data will also help
validate the wind
predictions derived from computer
models, which have thus far relied on extremely limited real - world information.
Pekka you write «As every
prediction is always based on a
model of some kind, we may well judge it prudent to pick one or several of the less than perfectly
validated models to make one or more
predictions»
Sometimes we wish to have the best possible
prediction even, when we have no thoroughly
validated models at disposal.
As it issues a projection but not
predictions, the Loehle - Scafetta
model is insusceptible to being
validated.
adopting
models that have not been
validated or even hide or underestimate uncertainty in their
predictions results in increased risks
(d) In decision making, adopting
models that have not been
validated or even hide or underestimate uncertainty in their
predictions, results in increased risks.
It is that we haven't seen convincing evidence or arguments that don't appear to have been contrived, fudged, based on invalid calculation methods, or based on
models (or proxies) that haven't been
validated, by people who haven't owned up to past errors in
prediction but are apparently continually rewriting history so that the latest weather calamity is suddenly discovered to have been predicted all along.
Well, neither correlation nor
validated model prediction allows you to say such things.
In Modern Science, triggering, sounding, or endorsing a public alarm without a theory (a
model whose relevant, non-trivial
predictions have been
validated) is unethical.
It seems to me more of that is going on lately, but often I get the feeling that (some) scientists are seeking obscure evidence that
validates the
model's
predictions rather than proving the
model's assumptions.
Speaking to my comment only, I cited two good sources explaining in great detail that
models are in fact carefully evaluated and, yes,
validated, and that moreover they do have a solid record of successful
predictions versus real - world observations.
Climate
models make many
validated predictions.
There are examples where it is — for instance in the response to Pinatubo (for which
validated climate
model predictions were made ahead of time — Hansen et al 1992)-- but this is not in general going to be true.
Some
models, e.g. INM - CM 3.0 predict an increase until 2025, but in any case since the
models start their «
prediction run» in about year 2000, there has not been enough time to
validate or invalidate their claims on a statistically valid basis.
But hey in the disciplines I work, howerver chaotic or non-linear your systems are you need to have
validated predictions (I do nt mean the hindcasting kind) before your theory /
model will be taken seriously.