Thomson said his order prevents PED from enforcing its evaluation system until «a trial on the merits where the court can be assured of the statistical
validity of the data collection and reporting that feeds into the system.»
The validity of the findings of Lewthwaite (2006) was strengthened through the use of multiple data sources and the inclusion of the reliability and
validity of data collection measures.
Not exact matches
The conditions include accessibility and timeliness
of data; perceived
validity of data; staff capacity and support for considering
data; time available to interpret and act on the
data; partnerships with external organizations for analyzing and interpreting
data; and tools for
data collection and interpretation (procedures and instruments).
Both studies relied on multiple sources
of data and triangulated
data collection, supporting the
validity of the findings.
The
validity of the finding that instructional support by teacher leaders, including lesson planning, positively impacted student learning was supported by the use
of control groups (Balfanz et al., 2006; Ruby, 2006; Weaver & Dick, 2009), the use
of multiple sources
of data (Balfanz et al., 2006; Ruby, 2006) and the inclusion
of detailed description
of data collection and analysis procedures (Balfanz et al., 2006; Ruby, 2006; Weaver & Dick, 2009).
Several
of the studies summarized in this section included detailed descriptions
of data collection strategies and triangulated information from multiple sources
of data, increasing the confidence in the
validity of these findings (Feldman and Tung, 2002; Heller & Firestone, 1995; Spillane & Camburn, 2006; Wettersten, 1994).
As with the simple matrix approach, the screening idea has the disadvantage
of added complexity, but this is offset by lower costs; schools could achieve similar levels
of validity while devoting less time and fewer resources to
data collection.
«[T] he [pre-VAM]
data collection process may unintentionally reduce the
validity and credibility
of value - added measures.»
The
validity of the findings from Howe and Stubbs (2001) and Fanscali (2004) was not established, with threats arising from missing
data that is not explained in analysis (Fanscali, 2004) and the absence
of reports on the reliability
of data collection (Howe and Stubbs, 2001; Fanscali, 2004).
Khourey - Bowers et al. (2005) and Keedy (1999) described several steps taken to strengthen the
validity of the studies» findings, including the use
of multiple forms
of data collection to allow for triangulation in
data analysis; they also provided detailed descriptions
of the
data analysis procedures.
To ensure accuracy, reliability and
validity of data, standardised and pre-tested instruments guide
data collection.
I have had two different statisticians give me totally opposite answers to the question
of the
validity of tests for certain
data sets and on more than one occasion been told that either my
data collection or analysis methods will depend on what I want to find out.
The only way I can see GCMs achieving any hope
of validity is if a concentrated program is begun right now to develop a complete global network
of data collection with adequate samples in each grid box to establish a reasonable measure
of the weather dynamics.
While the use
of an observational design to measure parent - child interactions has several advantages (e.g. ecological
validity, qualitative
data collection), it also bears some limitations.
A second
data collection was performed to examine the criterion
validity of the VAWI against the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ).23, 28 Statistics Sweden sent out the VAWI and NorAQ between November 2009 and January 2010 to 20 % (n = 92)
of the respondents from the initial
data collection.
Two reviewers will independently assess the suitability
of the preference - based instruments for measuring outcomes in palliative care using the ISOQOL, minimum standards for patient - reported outcome measures (conceptual and measurement model, reliability, content
validity, construct
validity, responsiveness, interpretability
of scores, translation
of measure, patient and investigator burden), 43 and the CREATE checklist (descriptive system, health states values, sampling, preference
data collection, study sample, modelling, scoring algorithm).44 The ISOQOL minimum standards were chosen as these standards were developed from a systematic review
of published and unpublished guidance on patient - reported outcome measures, including the COnsensus - based Standards for the selection
of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).46 To the authors» knowledge, the CREATE checklist is the only published guidance on what key components should be reported in a valuation study.44 Information on how the contents
of the instruments were developed, psychometric properties and valuation will be used to assess the suitability
of the instruments for the palliative setting; instruments will be scored on whether the domains or dimensions were developed using input from informal caregivers
of people receiving palliative care (yes / no) and whether each
of the reporting checklist items has been evaluated for this population (if yes, then a score
of one will be allocated) and a total score calculated.
This section explains the questionnaire design, operational definitions and measures
of variables in addition to the pretest and modification
of the questionnaire, the empirical
data collection and the reliability and
validity of its various measures.
Most
of the studies were rated as moderate in the
data collection section with three studies being rated as strong, mainly due to robust reporting
of the reliability and
validity of the measures used.