Sentences with phrase «validity of studies which»

Not exact matches

But in studying the teaching there is again danger of misunderstanding, of supposing such teaching to be a system of general truths, a system of propositions which have validity apart from the concrete life situation of the speaker.

The charity said this was «particularly concerning» as most of these experiments studied human diseases which do not exist in non-human primates, such as Parkinson's Disease, and this they suggested «significantly challenges» the validity of the tests.

In the paper, Eriksson and Lacerda cite two studies that question the scientific validity of LVA technology, which analyzes the pressure waves that make up an utterance and tallies spikes, or «thorns,» and plateaus in order to deduce the speakers state of mind.

All our four study groups had test scores very close to the average, which is reassuring — and shows the high validity of the study.»

The claim that you need to eat many smaller meals throughout the day to accelerate fat loss still rings as true as it did two decades ago, and today we have a pile of scientific studies which support its validity.

He outlines many other supplements but does not recommend them due to lack of research or studies which were done with an obvious bias which should be discounted of all validity.

Prior reviews in this domain have suffered from a paucity of studies, which in some cases necessitated the inclusion of studies whose weak designs failed to rule out threats to validity.

This study provides the strongest evidence available on the greater return on investment of targeted preschool interventions in contrast to universal programs in which money is spent on all children, with the limitations on external validity I've described.

These studies also are weak with regards to external validity because the research design does not permit a determination of whether the pre-k program improves performance in elementary school — the control group begins to receive the pre-k program just after the children are initially tested, which means there is no untreated control group with which to benchmark performance in kindergarten and thereafter.

Analyses of the literature have acknowledged the lack of rigorous, experimental research on culturally based education, which points more to the difficulty in conducting such studies in public schools than to the validity of culturally responsive practices.

The study has very little external validity, which is a polite way of saying its findings shouldn't be generalized to other contexts.

The researchers acknowledge three specific limitations in this study: challenges with validity and external reliability of the authentic instruction rating scale, missing data due to fluctuations in teacher participation during the duration of the study, and the inability to account for a variety of variables that may impact study outcomes due to the limited time frame and scope of the program in which the study took place

One widely publicized study, which created a statistical test of the validity of value - added measures, [10] found reason for concern.

Attrition, as well as programmatic changes made after the first year, led to diverse experiences for each group which impacts the validity of the study.

This is done through studies of concurrent validity, which are also sometimes known as «benchmark checks.»

These vary in terms of whether they are mathematics - specific or not; whether their purpose is to identify the effectiveness or quality of teaching, or primarily for professional development; and the extent to which there have been studies into their reliability and validity.

Of course, it all hinges on the first study's validity (that VAM is unbiased)-- which was the center of debate between Rothstein and CFR.&raquOf course, it all hinges on the first study's validity (that VAM is unbiased)-- which was the center of debate between Rothstein and CFR.&raquof debate between Rothstein and CFR.»

The very few studies in which researchers have examined this found «small but positive correlations» between SLOs and VAM - based ratings (i.e., not a strong indicator of validity).

There are two types of contract validity which business law students need to study and prepare assignment in -

Now, I'm not the most knowledgeable person when it comes to U.S. mutual funds but a quick search revealed plenty of studies on fees paid by mutual fund investors in the U.S. Take this report titled 2010 Investment Company Fact Book put out by the Investment Company Institute — a fund industry association, which casts serious doubt on the validity of the assumption that U.S. investors pay an ~ 5 % front load.

c) the extent to which «motivated reasoning» on the part of you and your co-authors might have biased your study, thereby weakening the validity of your results.

Whilst the BT method is cost effective and has been widely used in academic studies and to inform policies, the method is associated with various limitations which affect the validity and reliability of the results produced.

I have read it and was impressed by the depth of the study, which examines patent validity rulings by the Federal Patent Court and the Federal Court of Justice by industry and even by senate (panel of judges).

METHODOLOGY: the study was based on a review of all judgments on the merits issued between January 1, 2016 and July 31, 2017, both at first instance and on appeal, in which at least one issue of patent validity or patent infringement was decided upon.

The research paper also questions the validity of previous studies into links between real - life and screened violence, which have largely relied on laboratory testing.

Convergent validity of the VOCI total scale and subscales was determined by correlating the VOCI with two other measure of OCD, namely the MOCI and OCI - R, which have been used in the previous studies of OCD with student samples in Iran (Ghassemzadeh et al., 2002, 2005b)(Table 5).

Investigators have used it as the criterion for diagnosis of behavior disturbance against which to gauge the validity of both screening instruments27 and psychological interview measures.28 The published Spanish version of the CBCL used in this study has been found to have good internal consistency and concurrent validity in Spanish - speaking populations.29 The CBCL was chosen as the standard of comparison to avoid basing the calculation of PSC validity on a small subset of the data as done in previous studies using structured interviews as the standard24,30 - 32 and because the CBCL has been widely used as the criterion standard in previous PSC research in both middle - class30, 33 - 35 and low - income minority populations.8

A limitation of this clinical trial was the rate of attrition through 12 months after discharge, which presents a threat to the internal validity of the study.

Many of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one of the following ways: (a) lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).

The only quantitative measure employed at this stage is the Arabic version of the CESD (Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale), which we have used before, and which has established cross-cultural validity with this population [30].

One strength of this study is that it had high ecological validity compared with lab studies which tend to control variables and use student populations as research participants.

Therefore, Anne Wietzker of the Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology at Ghent University and Belgium conducted a study testing the validity of a newly devised guilt scale, the Guilt in Separation Scale (GiSS), which she developed with her colleagues.

These expected indications of construct validity were found in study 2, as well as in mothers (n = 112) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (study 3) which was added to examine whether the Dutch version of the IM - P was also valid in a pediatric population.

The aim of the current study was to test first the validity of the social learning model, in which children's externalizing behavior (EB) is considered to be related to problematic parenting, and second, whether and to what extent mothers and fathers moderate the influence of each other's parenting on children's EB.

Second, only 17 % of applicants could be included in the study, which might limit the external validity of the present findings.

The quality of each study was evaluated independently by MS and SJM according to the following eight validity criteria, which were adapted from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines [14,15] and Delphi criteria list [16]: randomization; allocation concealment; blinding of outcome assessments; comparability of groups at baseline; withdrawals; handling of dropouts in analyses; use of intention - to - treat analysis; and multiple follow - up assessments.

This study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Knowledge of Mathematical Survey, which was designed to measure early childhood teachers» knowledge of early mathematical development.

The reliability and validity of this structured interview are well documented in studies of outpatient and inpatient samples, 27 and 5 psychometric studies have shown mean sensitivities of 0.66 to 0.83 and mean specificities of 0.78 to 0.88.22,23 Combined diagnoses were generated via the Silverman - Nelles28 procedure for integrating youth and parent reports, in which all diagnoses generated by both informants are accepted: all diagnoses generated by the child's report are accepted if internalizing (and thus potentially more evident to youths than adults [eg, anxiety or depressive disorders]-RRB-, and all diagnoses generated by the parent's report are accepted if externalizing (eg, oppositional defiant disorder).

TY - JOUR AU - 김소영 AU - Jinsook Kim TI - Development of Emotion Regulation Scale for Children T2 - Korea Journal of Counseling PY - 2011 VL - 12 IS - 4 PB - Korean Counseling Association (KCA) SP - 1097 - 1108 SN - 1598 - 2068 AB - The purpose of this study was to develop an Emotional Regulation Scale for Children in order to measure the degree of emotional regulation which is deemed to be related to main psychological causes of maladjustment behaviour (childhood's depression, aggression, etc.) and to verify the validity and reliability of the scale.

However, large - scale longitudinal studies, which assess outcomes as well as EE and patient functioning at baseline, are needed to determine the validity of traditional criteria for high EE developed from familial research vs the absence of a positive relationship.

Interestingly, the promising external validity of the FEEL - KJ has now also received support from two other studies in which relations were shown with binge eating [15], depressive symptoms [14,15], and with the DSM symptom clusters affective problems, somatic problems, conduct problems, and ADHD problems [14].

Several studies have addressed the validity of the parent - reported SDQ in school - aged samples, predominantly confirming the intended 5 - factor structure.5, 6 A 3 - factor configuration of externalizing (conduct problems and hyperactivity), internalizing (emotional and peer problems), and prosocial factors has also been proposed and suggested for use in epidemiologic studies and in low - risk populations.7, 8 The internal reliability of SDQ subscales has been predominantly examined by using Cronbach's α, a measure of the interrelatedness of items; however, α estimates are a lower bound for reliability and is often underestimated.9 A meta - analytic review reported weighted mean α coefficients extracted from 26 studies that showed generally modest reliabilities for parent reports (0.53 < α < 0.76).10 McDonald's ω, which estimates the proportion of a scale measuring a construct, typically yields higher reliability estimates but has rarely been used to assess reliability of the SDQ.

The purpose of this study was to develop an Emotional Regulation Scale for Children in order to measure the degree of emotional regulation which is deemed to be related to main psychological causes of maladjustment behaviour (childhood's depression, aggression, etc.) and to verify the validity and reliability of the scale.

The strengths of the study include: a naturalistic setting, which increases the external validity of the findings, a multimethod assessment of two outcomes (parenting and child problem behavior), availability of four data points, minimal attrition across waves, and LGM analyses that specified and tested a theoretically based potential mediator of program effects.

Nevertheless, the Practice Environment Scale — Nursing Work Index (PES — NWI) seems to be one of the most promising instruments because of its appropriateness (content validity), its structure, which has a rather good fit (construct validity), its ability to discriminate magnet hospitals like other NWI derivates (discriminant validity), and it has also been associated in cross-sectional studies with health outcomes, especially nurses» self - assessed mental health but also with patients» health outcomes objectively assessed (concurrent validity).