It was a wide - ranging conversation canvassing some interesting ideas: Net nets, the Acquirer's Multiple, and
the validity of value investing:
Researchers studying
the validity of value - added measures asked whether value - added gave different results depending on the type of question asked.
We also examine the predictive
validity of value - added estimates during nontransition years over transition - year student achievement.
They will not talk about
the validity of value - added measures.
Many of the CKN briefs identified threats to
the validity of value added as a measure of teacher effectiveness for some teachers.
One measure of the predictive
validity of value - added is the extent to which it persists or «fades out» over time.
The report, entitled «Learning About Teaching: Initial Findings from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project,» reportedly gives the strongest evidence to date of
the validity of the value - added model as a tool to measure teacher effectiveness.
Critics have questioned
the validity of value - added and warned against using it for high - stakes decisions.
A growing number of groups have voiced skepticism about
the validity of value - added models.
One widely publicized study, which created a statistical test of
the validity of value - added measures, [10] found reason for concern.
The well - known Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project funded by the Gates Foundation reports results from experiments that also address
the validity of value - added at the middle and high school levels.
Second, we know very little about how
the validity of the value - added estimates may change when they are put to high stakes use.
Analyzing
the validity of that value isn't easy.
Not exact matches
Despite vouching for the
validity of the organization, not even Yiannopoulos's word was taken at face
value.
Some attend to the growing recognition
of the intrinsic
value and
validity of other great religious traditions.
The more one perceives in ancient literature, whether
of Judea or Greece,
values of permanent
validity, the more one tends to lift them out
of their original frameworks
of concept and present them in modern terms and ways
of thinking.
Scientific reason, if accurate, was valid, but it was not the only valid kind
of reasoning: noncontradiction,
validity, truth,
value, meaning, purpose, and obligation were necessary presuppositions
of the scientific method but not themselves scientific phenomena.
I take it to be something which, far from being
of little
value, is in truth
of quite enormous
value in our attempt to come to some understanding
of God's way
of securing permanent
validity for that which otherwise would be nothing other than an instance
of the «perpetual perishing» which patently marks the world as we know it.
It may lose in immediate
validity, in «evidential
value,» but it may also renew itself out
of later human existence, which accomplishes anew.
This involves no assertions one way or another about the
value or
validity of other cultural - linguistic systems or about the relation
of Christian faith to any nonlinguistic reality.
If God as concrete is constituted by all
of the past, both immediate and remote, then it might be argued that God preserves all
values (although some would deny the empirical and logical
validity of this implication).
Even though one does not establish the concept
of the preservation
of all
values, one has not thereby disproved the
validity of the idea
of a God who is in some sense concrete and consequent — even though this God may not be Whitehead's.
All the semiological systems, along with the linguistic system, must be decoded, and, as Ricoeur says, «that requires a special affinity between the reader and the kind
of things the text is about» (19) What is appropriated is not a system
of ideas but deep
values of truth that are imposed «with such power that no further proof is needed to perceive their
validity and reality».
Finally, conservative theology and practice have tended to be strong in their affirmation
of traditional American culture, including the
values of free enterprise and the
validity of its financial rewards.
As the disastrous consequences
of our pervasive ethical relativism become more and more apparent, there is evidence
of a growing frustration with
values whose only claim to
validity is personal preference and taste.
Any conception
of catholicity is void
of validity and
value if it does not take seriously what Christ said to His disciples... «All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.
Yet this unsurpassability needs to be understood in such a way as to avoid the connotation
of a superiority that negates the revelatory
value and
validity of other religious traditions.
What gives his argument its unexcelled
value is his scientific reserve, his disclaimer
of any proof having mathematical
validity.
The primacy
of practical reason and
of the summu bonum or supreme aim or purpose, has some
validity, but should not be allowed to belittle theoretical reason, nor should the relations between human and divine
values be allowed to reduce God to a mere means for the production
of human good.
In other words, religion can, for the purpose
of these theories, in principle be either reconstructed or abolished and seen as pointing to a more comprehensive theoretical system.4 By locating religion in a larger explanatory context it gives «its public claim to
validity a purely relative
value».5
If «justified» has reference to the
validity of sacrificial love, its intrinsic
value and goodness, its beneficial consequences (both to the loved and to the lover), its meaningfulness, then the answer is in the affirmative.
For some, the apparent conflict in the two
values — welcoming all without question and demanding discipline for membership — was resolved in part by recognizing the
validity of each stage.
Coming out
of the 1960s, therefore, conservative Protestant theology including that
of the evangelical broadcasters was strong in its affirmation
of traditional American culture, including the
values of free - enterprise capitalism and the
validity of capitalism's monetary rewards.
Besides, the utterances do not depend for their
value or
validity on a knowledge
of the exact occasion on which they are spoken.
Obviously irreligious, even from the standpoint
of the absolutist religions, however, is the cynical attitude that rejects the
validity of ideals and the reality
of value distinctions.
The Journal
of Attachment Parenting brings the final professional layer needed to support the
value and
validity of sensitive parenting choices.»
For many years, perinatal mortality rates were used for this purpose, often with little regard for the
value and
validity of such data.11 Now, with rates well below 10 per 1000 births, they have lost virtually all
of their utility for measuring quality
of care in the Western world.
Until we know more about the
validity of in vitro methods, it is not recommended that they be used in clinical or epidemiologic research applications or for food labeling purposes because
of the potential for large over - or underestimates
of true GI
values.
Finally, researchers discourage the use
of value - added modeling in teacher evaluation practices due to their low levels
of statistical reliability across years and limited
validity for detecting individual teacher effects (Darling - Hammond, 2012).
So beware: earmarks are a keen way
of evading peer reviews and making it unnecessary for a proposal to demonstrate its prospective
value or
validity.
It was found that teachers» attention to
validity issues had been undermined by the external test regimes, but teachers could readdress these issues by reflection on their
values and by engagement in a shared development
of portfolio assessments.
... «Teachers are having to confront whether you take the public statements at some sort
of face
value, or... address their
validity,» Levinson says.»
As students are bombarded with social and news media that blur lines between fact and opinion, they need guided experiences to build their critical analysis
of information
validity and
value.
Hence, the
validity of the inferences and statements asserting that one teacher was effective or not as based on his / her
value - added estimates is suspect, again, as based on the contexts in which teachers teach, as well as when compared to whatever other comparable teachers to whom teachers are compared when estimating teacher - level
value - added.
The study, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, provides some
of the strongest evidence to date
of the
validity of «
value - added» analysis, whose accuracy has been hotly contested by teachers unions and some education experts who question the use
of test scores to evaluate teachers.
[4] Sometimes called selection bias, the problem is that student needs and parental resources are never directly accounted for in
value - added measures, even though they might affect student learning and therefore reduce
validity of teacher
value - added estimates.
[2] In order to assess
value - added and the
validity and reliability
of value - added measures, it is important to consider the significant differences across grades in the ways teachers» work and students» time are organized.
Secondary grades differ from elementary grades in ways that are meaningful for the
validity and reliability
of value - added measures for secondary teachers.
These examples are largely hypothetical because we lack evidence on the
validity and reliability
of measures other than
value - added.
There is a policy trend to use
value - added modeling to evaluate teachers because
of its face
validity and superficial objectiveness.