Estimates of prospective long - term returns for the S&P 500 reflect our standard
valuation methodology, focusing on the relationship between current market prices and earnings, dividends and other fundamentals, adjusted for variability over the economic cycle (see for example Investment, Speculation, Valuation, and Tinker Bell, The Likely Range of Market Returns in the Coming Decade and Valuing the S&P 500 Using Forward Operating E
valuation methodology,
focusing on the relationship between current market prices and earnings, dividends and other fundamentals, adjusted for variability over the economic cycle (see for example Investment, Speculation,
Valuation, and Tinker Bell, The Likely Range of Market Returns in the Coming Decade and Valuing the S&P 500 Using Forward Operating E
Valuation, and Tinker Bell, The Likely Range of Market Returns in the Coming Decade and Valuing the S&P 500 Using Forward Operating Earnings).
Estimates of prospective long - term returns for the S&P 500 reflect our standard
valuation methodology,
focusing on the relationship between current market prices and earnings, dividends and other fundamentals, adjusted for variability over the economic cycle.