Not exact matches
Derivatives are contracts
between counterparties that derive their
value from the performance
of an
underlying asset, index, or entity.
It is a legal contract
between 2 parties, a buyer and a seller to agree to pay the difference in the current price
of the
underlying asset and its contract
value.
There are three main kinds
of derivatives on the commodities market — contracts made
between two or more parties who agree on the
value of the
underlying asset: futures and forwards, options and OTC products.
Most
of the large tracking error in the Vanguard MSCI U.S. Broad Market (VUS) was likely the result
of currency hedging, but its annual report also cites «differences
between the market price and net
asset value of the
underlying US domiciled Vanguard funds in which the ETF invests.»
It is worth noting that there may be a difference
between an ETF's market capitalization and the net
asset value (NAV)
of its
underlying securities.
One standard tool for measuring
value is the price - to - book (P / B) ratio which represents the difference
between the asking price
of a share and its
underlying value as determined by the
assets of the company.
The
value of the payment at maturity for option prices
between the initial
asset price and the trigger price is dependent upon the price
of the
underlying asset during the observation period.
This difference
between the price
of an ETF and the price
of the
underlying net
asset value is usually very small.
In the top five ETFs, net cash flows were
between zero and 18 %
of total dollar
value traded in these products
between February 2 and February 8 (Exhibit 4).5 This important fact highlights that ETF trading flows were largely offset
between buyers and sellers and that only a fraction
of those transactions drove trades in the
underlying assets.