Not exact matches
For example, at the start of the intake stroke of cylinder one and when both the intake and exhaust
valves of cylinder one are
open (
valve overlap
period), cylinder three already starts its exhaust stroke with the exhaust
valve open.
Pumping losses are lowered when the variable
valve timing allows an intake
valve to remain
open for a brief time
period as the piston begins its compression stroke.
When the engine is placed under greater load, a switch to the camshaft lobe that
opens the
valve for a longer
period is made and the driver can make use of the full power and torque of the engine.
Since due to camshaft timing each power stroke lasts approximately 120 degrees [ending when the exhaust
valve opens], this means that there is a very short
period of about 24 degrees when the crankshaft receives no torque.
For example, at the start of the intake stroke of cylinder one and when both the intake and exhaust
valves are
open (
valve overlap
period), cylinder three already begins its exhaust stroke with an
open exhaust
valve.
As the intake
valves are
open for shorter
periods in the TSI Miller cycle, the cylinders must be filled with the cylinder charge at a boosted charge pressure.
Researchers observed a natural, regular, multidecadal oscillation between
periods of Southern Ocean
open - sea convection, which can act a release
valve for the ocean's heat, and non-convective
periods.