Not exact matches
The
number of adverse childhood experiences was summed for each respondent (range, 0 - 8); analyses were
repeated with the summed score as an ordinal
variable (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or ≥ 5) or as 5 dichotomous
variables (yes / no) with 0 experiences as the referent.
One
of these is a
variable number 48 base pair tandem
repeat (48 bp VNTR) in the coding region
of the gene [89].
More recently, a common
variable number tandem
repeat (VNTR) polymorphism lying 1.2 kb upstream
of the transcription initiation site
of MAOA has been shown to affect transcriptional activity
of the gene in transfected cells.
Moreover, a
variable number of tandem
repeat in the 3 ′ UTR
of the SLC6A3 gene is associated with various antisocial behaviors such as violent delinquency [91] and propensity to a criminal career [92].
Fowler et al. (2009) found that a
variable number tandem
repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A (responsible for catabolism
of serotonin and other catecholamine neurotransmitters), and an insertion / deletion polymorphism in the SLC6A4 promoter (5 - HTTLPR) were associated with what the authors term the «emotional dysfunction» aspect
of psychopathy (a construct that corresponds with CU traits) in a sample
of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[18].