Sentences with phrase «variable on decadal scales»

All of these elements are variable on decadal scales — including ocean heat.

Not exact matches

That is precisely what I have done: Using annual sunspot number as a representative of the long term (on the decadal scale) solar magnetic field impact and small variable component of the Earth's magnetic field, as calculated from data by Jackson and Bloxam.

The slower components of the climate system (e.g. the ocean and biosphere) affect the statistics of climate variables (e.g. precipitation) and since they may feel the influence of their initial state at multi decadal time scales, it is possible that climate changes also depend on the initial state of the climate system (e.g. Collins, 2002; Pielke, 1998).

Ice, cloud and terrestrial water storage are variable on decadal to millennial scales at least.

Environmental variables estimated over larger spatial and temporal scales included the upwelling index (UI) for 48 ° N, 125 ° W (http://www.pfeg.noaa.gov), an indicator of upwelling strength based on wind stress measurements, as well as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO, http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest), a composite indicator of ocean temperature anomalies [33], seawater temperature from Buoy 46041 ∼ 50 km to the southwest from Tatoosh (www.ndbc.noaa.gov), and remote sensing of chl a (SeaWiFS, AquaModis).