Sentences with phrase «variables under study»

In the current paper we suppress this restrictive assumption by assuming that the values of the variable under study are formed according to the general linear process.

Not exact matches

Her team has been compressing the data and focusing on about 20 important statistics on variables such as the speed, position and behavior of the flies under study.

Finally, the type of regression - based analyses used to support the performance pay conclusion does not properly consider that the background variables used in these analyses can vary in terms of relationships with student scores and have different definitions across the countries under study.

One study, for example, found that under value - added models that had very limited controls for student background variables, the two percent of teachers who had half or more students with disabilities received value - added scores that, on average, were low; they ranked in the 20th to 25th percentile in math and the 25th to 33rd percentile in reading.

It is not possible for action research to set up a rigid control of variables in a classic manner so that results can be verified in repeated studies under similar conditions.

Extrapolating even well - studied trends to the future is difficult because interactions within the ecosystem will change under variable conditions, not all relationships in the ecosystem are understood, and the nonlinear thresholds to transitions are not yet recognized.

We provide a list of issues that need to be addressed to make inferences more defensible, including the consideration of (i) data limitations and the comparability of data sets; (ii) alternative mechanisms for change; (iii) appropriate response variables; (iv) a suitable model for the process under study; (v) temporal autocorrelation; (vi) spatial autocorrelation and patterns; and (vii) the reporting of rates of change.

Water resource management in a variable and changing climate: hypothetical case study to explore decision making under uncertainty

Mechanical thinning can increase runoff at fine scales, as well as reduce fire risk and tree water stress during drought, but the effects of this practice have not been studied at scales commensurate with recent forest disturbances or under a highly variable climate.

The study uses an extensive suite of existing simulations with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model driven by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) climate simulations to train and evaluate the nonlinear and nonstationary Generalized Extreme Value conditional density network (GEVcdn) model of Fraser River streamflow extremes, and subsequently applies the model to project changes in Fraser River extremes under CMIP5 based climate change scenarios.

Furthermore, all contain important features that can be useful for CCIAV studies; with some exercises (e.g., MA and GEO - 3) going one step further than the original SRES scenarios by not only describing possible emissions under differing socio - economic pathways but also including imaginable outcomes for climate variables and their impact on ecological and social systems.

The base model of this research is to study the variables of relationship characteristics including the length of time and the kind of purchase how to influent the switching costs under the regulatory role of customer

Adjusting for confounding variables is important, as previous studies report an association between depression and alcohol use, cannabis use [25 — 27], traumatic events (e.g. sexual abuse)[16], low perceived family support [28], a low level of maternal education [29], and under - attainment at school [12].