Sentences with phrase «variation gives a surface»

Not exact matches

B.J. Blazkowicz is given a sub-machine gun by one of his fellow resistance fighters very early on, while further weaponry found along the way includes a high calibre automatic rifle which is effective even in medium to long range combat, alongside pistols which are the side - arm of choice for Nazi commanders when up against a lightly armoured enemy at close range; a variation of a shotgun albeit with three barrels rapidly firing shells; hand grenades are capable of destroying certain flammable surfaces which can create an escape route for B.J. under given circumstances; and more besides.

Who likes yellow)(1967) variations of golden shades give the impression that the painting's surface is moving.

1.3 W / m2 TOA) in direct sunlight may give such a large variation at the ocean's surface is probably a question of modulation of cloud cover.

But if the optical thickness in that band is sufficiently smaller than in another band (depending on wavelengths), adding some absorption to the optically - thinner band would tend to result in warming of the colder layers (as there would be less temperature variation over height in radiative equilbrium for that band, given the same surface (+ tropospheric) temperatures.

The IPCC 2001 report states «Several recent reconstructions estimate that variations in solar irradiance give rise to a forcing at the Earth's surface of about 0.6 to 0.7 Wm - 2 since the Maunder Minimum and about half this over the 20th century... All reconstructions indicate that the direct effect of variations in solar forcing over the 20th century was about 20 to 25 % of the change in forcing due to increases in the well - mixed greenhouse gases.»

Given BP, SL, and sea surface temperature fields, good estimates of full - column HC variations can be made at low and middle latitudes.

How the Earth's surface temperature adjusts to a given change in solar radiation depends on the processes by which the climate system responds to variations in the energy it receives.

It is a given that the existing models do not fully incorporate data or mechanisms involving cloudiness or global albedo (reflectivity) variations or variations in the speed of the hydrological cycle and that the variability in the temperatures of the ocean surfaces and the overall ocean energy content are barely understood and wholly inadequately quantified in the infant attempts at coupled ocean / atmosphere models.

... The hypothesis is that given the heat lost through the air - sea interface is controlled by the TSL, the TSL adjusts in response to variations in incident IR radiation to maintain the surface heat loss.

One of the nicest analyses I've seen that explains the latitudinal variations of CO2 forcing is given by Pielke Sr (see also this additional post), which provides total, troposphere, and surface forcing for tropical and subarctic summer, winter.