To understand the mechanism of how Neu5Gc affects the human immune system, researchers analyzed
various cells of the immune system that play a role during an inflammatory reaction.
Then it infects
various cells of the immune system, which it tricks into making more copies of itself.
The model will be a valuable tool for studying how stem cells give rise to
the various cells of the immune system, how immune cells kill cancer cells and fight infections, and how immune cells respond to radiation and chemotherapy, two major treatments for many cancers.
Not exact matches
Immunologist Phil Hodgkin
of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute
of Medical Research says the
immune system has a sort
of default allocation
of B -
cells corresponding to the
various possible outcomes.
To create mouse avatars, researchers implant some
of a patient's cancer
cells into rodents lacking a normal
immune system and measure whether
various drugs destroy the tumors that sprout in the animals.
The
immune system maintains a rich abundance
of «natural killer»
cells to confront microbial invaders, but as the body gains the upper hand in
various infections it sometimes starts to produce even more
of the
cells.
Microglial
cells represent the
immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in
various injuries and diseases.
Such genes might include those for
various cytokines — substances produced by
cells of the
immune system — such as tumour necrosis factor, interleukins and interferons.
We use the Cre - loxP recombination
system to generate mice with
cell type - specific inactivation
of the IL - 10 gene in order to identify cellular sources
of the cytokine that are relevant in
various situations
of immune challenge.
He taught me a lot about evolutionary medicine and nutrition in general, opened many doors and introduced me (directly and indirectly) to
various players in this field, such as Dr. Boyd Eaton (one
of the fathers
of evolutionary nutrition), Maelán Fontes from Spain (a current research colleague and close friend), Alejandro Lucia (a Professor and a top researcher in exercise physiology from Spain, with whom I am collaborating), Ben Balzer from Australia (a physician and one
of the best minds in evolutionary medicine), Robb Wolf from the US (a biochemist and the best «biohackers I know»), Óscar Picazo and Fernando Mata from Spain (close friends who are working with me at NutriScience), David Furman from Argentina (a top immunologist and expert in chronic inflammation working at Stanford University, with whom I am collaborating), Stephan Guyenet from the US (one
of my main references in the obesity field), Lynda Frassetto and Anthony Sebastian (both nephrologists at the University
of California San Francisco and experts in acid - base balance), Michael Crawford from the UK (a world renowned expert in DHA and Director
of the Institute
of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, at the Imperial College London), Marcelo Rogero (a great researcher and Professor
of Nutrigenomics at the University
of Sao Paulo, Brazil), Sérgio Veloso (a
cell biologist from Portugal currently working with me, who has one
of the best health blogs I know), Filomena Trindade (a Portuguese physician based in the US who is an expert in functional medicine), Remko Kuipers and Martine Luxwolda (both physicians from the Netherlands, who conducted field research on traditional populations in Tanzania), Gabriel de Carvalho (a pharmacist and renowned nutritionist from Brazil), Alex Vasquez (a physician from the US, who is an expert in functional medicine and Rheumatology), Bodo Melnik (a Professor
of Dermatology and expert in Molecular Biology from Germany, with whom I have published papers on milk and mTOR signaling), Johan Frostegård from Sweden (a rheumatologist and Professor at Karolinska Institutet, who has been a pioneer on establishing the role
of the
immune system in cardiovascular disease), Frits Muskiet (a biochemist and Professor
of Pathophysiology from the Netherlands, who, thanks to his incredible encyclopedic knowledge and open - mind, continuously teaches me more than I could imagine and who I consider a mentor), and the Swedish researchers Staffan Lindeberg, Tommy Jönsson and Yvonne Granfeldt, who became close friends and mentors.
It is not designed to kill cancer
cells directly, but is designed to build
various aspects
of the
immune system and build the collagen fibrils so the cancer does not spread.
Ultimately, what the
immune system produces is several hundred
various types
of antibodies and excrete
immune boosting interleukins and cytokines on top
of what it normally produces with the whole
cell on its own.
«My argument is that the three classic areas
of neuroscience, endocrinology, and immunology, with their
various organs — the brain (which is the key organ that the neuroscientists study), the glands, and the
immune system (consisting
of the spleen, the bone marrow, the lymph nodes, and
of course the
cells circulating throughout the body)-- that these three areas are actually joined to each other in a bidirectional network
of communication and that the information «carriers» are the neuropeptides.»
More recent research describes adenosine as «a mediator with multisystemic effects», and it is produced by almost all
cells, playing a role in heart function, sleep, bone health, activation
of the
immune system and mediating the effect
of various hormones.
Cytokines are proteins made by
various types
of white blood
cells to turn on the
immune system to attack invaders like:
Inflammation can be caused by many different things, but at its core, inflammation refers to the activity
of the body's
immune system, in which white blood
cells and
various other substances react to a perceived threat in the body.