A sustained modest
weight - loss of five to 10 % body -
weight is associated with improvements in
various indices of cardiometabolic health including but not limited to insulin sensitivity, vascular function, blood pressure and lipid levels.3 These beneficial effects of
weight - loss can be partially explained by accompanying reductions in adipose tissue mass and dysfunction.5 There is however, some evidence to suggest that energy
restriction (ER) alone can confer metabolic changes which are independent to those of
weight - loss, by facilitating an acute negative energy balance 6 - 9 and / or by activating adaptive stress response pathways.10