These children have developed this attachment style due to their caregiver's emotional state ranging from
varying emotional extremes (depression, rage, strict, passive) resulting in the child potentially being fearful of them (Capuzzi, Stauffer, & O'Neil, 2016).
Types of traumatic experiences are
varied yet distinct, including sexual abuse or assault, physical abuse or assault,
emotional / psychological maltreatment, neglect, serious accident or medical illness, witness to domestic violence, victim / witness to community violence, school violence, natural or manmade disasters, forced displacement, war / terrorism, victim / witness to
extreme personal / interpersonal violence, traumatic grief / separation, and system - induced trauma.