A year later, researchers corrected the faulty gene in lab - grown lung cells and felt it wouldn't be long before gene therapy could be used to implant correct
versions of the gene into people with CF.
But swapping the fly
version of the gene into these mutant mice corrects most of those abnormalities.
The scientists used a harmless virus to shuttle a healthy
version of the gene into their eyes.
Then they slipped a human
version of each gene into yeast cells whose own copy of the gene had been turned down, turned off, or removed.
Not exact matches
After fishing stem cells from each individual's own blood, the researchers inserted a normal
version of the ABCD1
gene into some
of the cells and transplanted them back
into the kids.
1982: In the early 80s, scientists realize that retroviruses have tremendous potential to deliver
genes stably
into large numbers
of cells, and start producing lab - safe
versions.
His trick was to insert the
gene coding for CREB
into a
version of the herpesvirus that can infect neurons without spreading to nearby cells.
They enable molecular biologists and geneticists to selectively chop DNA
into pieces, which can then be assembled
into new
versions of the
gene, inserted
into the genomes
of other organisms, or sequenced as part
of an effort to map an organism's genetic material.
At the meeting, team member Koffi Konan, a plant molecular biologist, showed how the plants were made by inserting shortened or backward
versions of each
of the
genes — Ara h1, Ara h2, and Ara h3 —
into cultured cells from peanut plants.
Strosberg and his colleagues found that cells with the mutant
gene can make a
version of leptin but can not properly secrete it
into the bloodstream.
By inserting a cloned
version of the wild
gene into conventional wheat plants they boosted the amount
of protein, zinc and iron in the grain by 10 to 15 percent.
When transplanted
into human cells in the laboratory, the mammoth TRPV3
gene produced a protein that is less responsive to heat than an ancestral elephant
version of the
gene.
Researchers are investigating ways to insert functioning
versions of the clotting factor
gene into patients» own cells.
Unlike the better - known role
of RNA as an intermediary between
genes and proteins, these shortened
versions of 19 to 25 nucleotides do not get translated
into proteins.
BRAIN MAZE Even before symptoms show up, young people who have a
version of a
gene linked to Alzheimer's disease tap
into different areas
of the brain to navigate through a virtual reality maze.
The virus inserts the therapeutic
gene into the cell's DNA and uses its instructions to produce a receptor protein — a modified
version of a common glutamate receptor ion channel - that they display on their surface.
But when physiologist H. Lee Sweeney
of the University
of Pennsylvania School
of Medicine in Philadelphia and his colleagues put this faulty
gene into embryonic quail muscle cells growing in lab dishes, the cells made a shortened
version of the protein and incorporated it
into their contractile machinery.
Different
versions of the FRO2
gene («variants») fell
into two groups, those that were associated with a short root and those that were associated with a long root.
And researchers at Stanford University School
of Medicine report in Genome Research that they linked the evolution
of a
gene in the old platypus to a mutated
version in humans responsible for moving the testes outside
of the body and
into an external pouch, or scrotum.
The modified
version of the cloned
gene was then introduced
into the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria.
Then, using more lab tricks, scientists can re-introduce their home - grown
version of the Huntington's disease
gene into mouse cells and grow new mice that have it in every cell
of their body.
Dr. Verma and his Salk colleagues pioneered the use
of a stripped - down
version of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the causative agent
of AIDS) to carry
genes into defective cells.
In 2007, a research group at Children's Hospital
of Philadelphia (CHOP) led by Jean Bennett began inserting a working
version of the RPE65
gene into the eye by means
of a harmless virus that carries the
gene and «infects» the DNA
of the RPE cells.
By inserting a slightly modified
version of the GFP
gene into the genomes
of other organisms, researchers have visualized a stunning range
of biological phenomena.
We have inserted our improved
versions of the ATP8
gene, equipped with our specialized mitochondrial tagging system,
into the nuclear genome.
Then they used a modified virus to deliver an «anti-sickling»
version of the beta globin
gene into the stem cells they'd removed pre-chemo.
A
gene for green fluorescent protein from the jellyfish, Aequorea Victoria, has been inserted
into the cats» DNA and is used as a marker for cells carrying a second
gene which confers resistance to the feline
version of the AIDS virus, the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV).
Although many other colors
of dogs exist, their
versions of genes that code for those colors are not going
into this new breed.
Future treatments may involve the administration
of a miniature
version of the affected
gene, called a microgene,
into the body to protect muscles, but is not yet available.
People with two copies
of one
version of the serotonin transporter
gene region 5 - HTTLPR (the long allele, in case you're
into doing your own genetic testing) are less sensitive to emotional information in the environment than those with one or two copies
of the short allele.