Sentences with phrase «vertebrate brains»

A sense of numerosity itself may not be limited to fancy vertebrate brains like ours.

His radial unit hypothesis set the stage for our current view of the evolutionary steps involved in constructing ever more complex and sophisticated vertebrate brains.

But they can be traced back in vertebrate brains from fish to frogs to rodents.

Genetic traces similar to those in vertebrate brains have been found in lowly worms, but not all scientists are convinced that complex brains were already in the works more than 500 million years ago

He says his experiments suggest that the vertebrate brain can do this from birth.

The vertebrate brain appears to be hard - wired at birth to comprehend a 3D world — and is flummoxed by geometries that don't make sense.

The scientists will continue to explore brain activity during sleep and awake states, as a means to understand the common and essential features of vertebrate brain function.

One reason the octopus fascinates scientists is that its brain became organized to be able to carry out such incredible, complex tasks without adopting the principles of the vertebrate brain.

But it does exist and has been studied for some time: «The blood - brain barrier (BBB) is formed by epithelial - like high resistance tight junctions within the endothelium of capillaries perfusing the vertebrate brain.»

Not exact matches

A wide variety of vertebrates also are known to have «reward circuits» in their brains.

Scientists had long suspected that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates to experience rapid eye movement (REM), a sleep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is in overdrive.

«The broad picture,» Yau says, «is that the local pupillary light reflex appeared early in primitive vertebrates such as jawless fish, even before the brain got involved.

Found in the sensory nerve cells of vertebrates, TRPM8 typically sends a sensation of cold to the brain when activated by low temperatures.

«We suggest that this relationship is found across all vertebrates with bony skulls and indicates a deep developmental relationship between the brain and the skull roof,» Bhullar said.

We were surprised that no one had directly addressed the idea that the underlying parts of the brain — the forebrain and midbrain — are correlated or somehow developmentally related to the overlying frontal and parietal bones,» said co-senior author Bhart - Anjan Singh Bhullar, an assistant professor of geology and geophysics at Yale University and assistant curator of vertebrate paleontology and vertebrate zoology at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History.

Octopuses and their cephalopod cousins the cuttlefish and the squid are evolutionary oxymorons: big - brained invertebrates that display many cognitive, behavioral, and affective traits once considered exclusive to the higher vertebrates.

While all vertebrates have a brain, invertebrates have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia.

It's run by an artificial brain modeled on the vertebrate or mammalian brain.

Such lateralization, corresponding to our right - and left - handedness, suggests specialization in the brain's hemispheres, which is believed to improve its efficiency and which was first considered an exclusively human, then an exclusively vertebrate, attribute.

In vertebrates, it consists of the brain and spinal cord, but in arthropods it consists of a condensed brain and a chain - like series of interconnected masses of nervous tissue called ganglia that resemble a string of beads.

The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in females for the nourishment of young, from mammary glands present on most species and specialized skin glands in monotremes that seep or ooze milk; the presence of hair or fur; specialized teeth; three minute bones within the ear; the presence of a neocortex region in the brain; and endothermic or «warm - blooded» bodies.

That oddly textured pebble, scientists report at the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology meeting, is actually an endocast — an impression preserved in the rock — that represents the first known evidence of fossilized brain tissue of a dinosaur (likely a close relative of Iguanodon, a large, herbivorous type of dinosaur that lived about 133 million years ago).

«Larvae have relatively simple brains compared to vertebrates, which make them good candidates for study,» said corresponding author Matthieu Louis, an assistant professor in UCSB's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology.

In the brains of all vertebrates, information is transmitted through synapses, a mechanism that allows an electric or chemical signal to be passed from one brain cell to another.

Their findings suggest that even the earliest animals had the makings of both vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems, and that some of the photoreceptor cells in the invertebrate brain were transformed through a series of steps into vertebrate eyes.

In vertebrates, a master clock is located in the awesome - sounding suprachiasmatic nucleus, a tiny region of brain cells in the hypothalamus.

Detlev Arendt and Joachim Wittbrodt, developmental biologists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, jumped into the fray after Arendt noticed some vertebrate - like photoreceptor cells in the brains of ragworms, a marine species that hasn't changed much for 500 million years.

Prior research showed that the mPOA is important for social and reproductive behavior in all vertebrate species studied from fish to human, but it has been unclear whether this area drives social motivation through circuit connections with reward systems in the brain.

After the study on invertebrate brains, Strausfeld and Wolff will embark on investigating vertebrates such as rats, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.

This suggests that brain sleep dates back at least to the evolution of the amniotes, that is, to the beginning of the colonization of terrestrial landmass by vertebrate animals.

In vertebrates, nerve cells called retinal ganglion cells send information from the retina to vision - processing centers in the brain.

Cephalopod brains are elaborations of the basic invertebrate brain, and have a completely different organization than what is found in humans and other vertebrates.

... The FOXP2 gene has been around for a very long time, found in similar form in distantly related vertebrate species, and it may be important not only for brain development and function but also in other tissues.»

Like all other vertebrates, the gonads (testes and ovaries) are influenced by hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which itself is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus, a structure in the brain.

Indeed, lipid changes in the cerebellum, a primitive part of the brain similar in all vertebrates, were comparable between humans and chimps.

The peripheral nervous system of vertebrate animals includes three kinds of nerve cells: sensory neurons, which transmit impulses from sensory receptor structures to the brain; motor neurons, which innervate the striated, or skeletal, muscles, and autonomic neurons, which regulate the functional activity of the circulatory system, the organs, the glands and the smooth muscles (such as those of the intestine).

The more we understand about how natural variation in the vertebrate genome shapes the development and function of the brain, the better insight we can have into how behavioral patterns evolve, and how disruption to neurogenetic pathways can lead to brain and behavioral dysfunction.

The evolution of the social brain: anthropoid primates contrast with other vertebrates.

«It was exciting to see that half of the domestication signals in the genome point to genes that have to do with brain development and function», says professor Kerstin Lindblad - Toh, senior author and director of SciLifeLab Uppsala, and scientific director of vertebrate genome biology at the Broad Institute.

The evolution of vision in vertebrates is an important theme in the history of animal life, however, aside from the calcified lenses of fossilised arthropods, other parts of the visual system are not usually preserved in the fossil record because the soft tissue of the eye and brain decays rapidly days after death.

identify molecular, cellular, and anatomical similarities in how these molecules work across species that represent the fundamental principles through which brain neurochemistry affects social behavior in vertebrates.

Although there is obvious variation in brain organization across vertebrate species, the basic brain blueprint has remained remarkably stable for millions of years, as have the mechanistic principles associated with how it regulates various functions, including behavior.

vertebrate The group of animals with a brain, two eyes, and a stiff nerve cord or backbone running down the back.

That's a necessary next step, because vertebrates» brains are more complicated, and it's more challenging to get therapeutic compounds through their blood - brain barrier.»

Research on animals often fails to produce the same results in humans, though the researchers said the brain circuitry involving the reward system is similar in all vertebrates.

Vocabulary Reviewed: Classification Kingdom Phylum Invertebrate Vertebrate Class Adaptations Food web Food chain Predator Prey Carnivore Herbivore Producers Consumers Internal Anatomy terms - gonads, brain, heart, ink sac, gills, pen, eye lens External Anatomy terms - mantle, eye, siphon, arms, tentacles, sucker cups, chromatophores, fin, mouth, beak Includes step by step directions as well as photos for the squid dissection and squid races.

Noting that Spencer compared the role of Parliament to that of the «cerebral masses in a vertebrate animal,» Huxley applauded Spencer for the biological analogy, but criticized his conclusion that just as the brain «averages the interests of life, physical, intellectual, moral, social,» the appropriate sphere of government is to average the interests of various classes in society, not to do anything to improve or alter their relations.

They don't have the brain structure — a developed neocortex where pain occurs in higher vertebrates.»

He suffered life - altering injuries, including a fractured thoracic vertebrate and a mild traumatic brain injury.

Mr. Eckerberg's injuries included a fractured thoracic vertebrate and a mild traumatic brain injury.