Sentences with phrase «vertebrate hosts»
"Vertebrate hosts" refers to animals that have a backbone, like mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish, which can be infected or carry a disease-causing organism. Full definition
Still, the two major human malaria parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, are restricted in their «choice» of vertebrate host.
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Some specialized diets, such as ectoparasitism (insects feeding on vertebrate hosts), evolve rarely and act as evolutionary traps, from which other diets do not easily evolve, whilst others, such as predation and fungivory, evolve frequently and readily give rise to other dietary types.
«If you go into a forest, you have hundreds of meters separating one vertebrate host from another, and hundreds of meters would be several kilometers for us,» Oliveira says.
A new analysis of the prehistoric origin of malaria suggests that it evolved in insects at least 100 million years ago, and the first vertebrate hosts of this disease were probably reptiles, which at that time would have included the dinosaurs.
In the laboratory, as described by Alan Walker from the University of Edinburgh, they must be fed on live vertebrate hosts.
Diseases that jump from other vertebrate hosts to humans are a major public health threat, but the evolutionary mechanisms behind these jumps are poorly understood.
Retroviruses are important pathogens, which have attacked vertebrate hosts for millions of years.
Furthermore, a competent or serologically naïve vertebrate host is not necessarily required for co-feeding transmission [36].
Oligopeptide Permease A5 Modulates Vertebrate Host - Specific Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi
Dogs become infected with hookworms by ingesting these larvae, by ingesting vertebrate hosts or cockroaches with infective larvae in their tissues, or by having the larvae penetrate their skin.
Malaria is caused by species of single - celled parasites in the genus Plasmodium, vectored by mosquitoes primarily in the genera Aedes and Anopheles between many vertebrate hosts, including humans.
Genome sequencing confirms that myxozoans, a diverse group of microscopic parasites that infect invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, are actually are «highly reduced» cnidarians — the phylum that includes jellyfish, corals and sea anemones.
The team looked at an outer surface protein of B. burgdorferi found in ticks — which can give clues about the vertebrate host — as well as the probabilities that different host species transmit the microbe during a tick bite, the number of larvae feeding on the animals, and population densities.
Because parasites evolve quicker than their vertebrate hosts, immune genes need to be highly diverse to keep up with parasites and prevent infections.
Tissue - and time - dependent transcription in Ixodes ricinus salivary glands and midguts when blood feeding on the vertebrate host.
The parasite can remain dormant as a cystozoite (a cystic developing stage) in the muscles cells of this vertebrate host until it is ingested by a dog and causes ACH.
Both dogs and cats can be infected by eating a vertebrate host such as a rodent but it is important not to forget the cockroach.
Biology contravenes taxonomy in the Myxozoa: new discoveries show alternation of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts.