As regards Katrina, although were it not for AGW a hurricane as damaging as Katrina might have occurred if one were to wait long enough, surely Katrina itself was made more damaging by AGW as that was a factor contributing to Caribbean SSTs and the local tropospheric
vertical temperature gradients at that point in time?
From the Argo temperature probes,
calculating vertical temperature gradients throughout the 700 m depth should be able to tell whether or not the heating is coming mostly from the surface (i.e. due to SW solar and LW radiation absorption in the top layers of the ocean) or from the ocean depth.
The atmosphere changes in its stability - a
strong vertical temperature gradient can either increase turbulence (if it is warmer below - warm air wants to rise) or decrease turbulence (cold air below - tends to resist upward movement).
Secondly, the design of the system helps to reduce
the vertical temperature gradient along the envelope, homogenizing the air temperature in the chambers throughout the year.
The flash - freezing procedure establishes
a vertical temperature gradient within the glass bottle.
«Neither
the vertical temperature gradient nor the vertical pressure gradient drive winds, at least directly,» Summers said.
specifically deny that there is
a vertical temperature gradient in the column at equilibrium for any number of particles» is based on confusing two different usages of «temperature.»