They also looked at whether
craters made by the comets hitting the surface could excavate enough nitrogen — but that would require a
very deep layer of nitrogen ice at the surface, which is not proven.
Scientists thought most of Vesta outside the south polar region might be flat like the Moon, yet some of the
craters outside that region formed on
very steep slopes and have nearly vertical sides, with landslides often occurring in the regolith, the
deep layer of crushed rock on the surface.