Concerning space weather, future studies should focus on analysis of the long - lasting and
very deep solar cycle
minimum and related
very low level of geomagnetic activity in order to estimate its influence on long - term trends in the ionosphere, particularly on future trends, as we can expect weak
solar cycles in the coming decades.
As the above chart clearly shows, the long and
deep solar minimum and the timing of the 2009 - 2010 El Nino (coming at the
very beginning of
solar cycle 24) easily negated small temperture rise that might have otherwise occurred from CO2 forcing during this period.