Astrobiologists, who will be presenting their work at the European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) 2013 in London on Monday 9 September, have shown that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect micro-organisms even after they have been damaged by exposure to
very high levels of radiation, as is encountered on the Martian surface.
Not exact matches
During their early life, Sun - like stars spin
very fast, creating extremely
high levels of magnetic activity that drive powerful stellar flares, coronal mass ejections, and an outpouring
of X-ray and ultraviolet
radiation.
What we know
of the connection between solar activity and
radiation, coupled with
high abundances
of isotopes in tree - rings and ice - cores (Fig. 2d), supports the likely case that during the Maunder Minimum solar activity remained for over half a century at
very low
levels.