Sentences with phrase «very long time scale»

For a very long time scale (ice ages and interglacials) the whole water volume may be in equilibrium with the atmosphere...» Ahlbeck, J. (1999) at http://www.john-daly.com/oceanco2/oceanco2.htm

Where my concern does lie however, is within not knowing the «forces of nature that act on very long time scale».

Second, the very long time scale of climate change makes the discount rate crucial at the same time as it makes it highly controversial (see Section 3.6.2).

On a very long time scale on avarage what comes in must go out, but not on a decadal scale.

Then, on a very long time scale, consider the prospect of an inevitable new ice age.

«I need to simulate a huge volume of atoms over a very long time scale,» Bussmann said.

So is Macro-Evolution on a very long time scale.

Strictly seen, this applies, nevertheless, for most systems only on very long time scales.

And over very long time scales, the spins of the two stars also become synchronized, as the moon is with the Earth, with each forever showing the same face to the other.

And over very long time scales, the spins of the two stars also become synchronized, as the Moon is with the Earth, with each forever showing the same face to the other.

But energy, from the sun, from geothermal, and from gravitational forces (like tides), is essentially steady over very long time scales.

These results correspond to independently deduced Phanerozoic paleoclimates and support the notion that the atmospheric CO2 greenhouse mechanism is a major control on climate over very long time scales.

It is conjectured that this mechanism could be the explanation for the observed correlations between past climate variations and cosmic rays, modulated by either solar activity or supernova activity in the solar neighborhood on very long time scales.

On very long time scales, e.g. millennia, the Earth's magnetic field controls the access of cosmic rays.

«With the very long time scales involved, it would be tempting for society to wait until then before doing anything,» company researchers wrote in a 1988 report based on studies completed in 1986.

In Lab 6A, you learned that the ocean's biological pump sequesters large amounts of carbon dioxide in shell - building organisms that eventually die, sink and become part of deep ocean sediments for very long time scales - thousands to millions of years.

Judith says «My take is that external forcing explains general variations on very long time scales, and equilibrium differences in planetary climates of relevance to comparative planetology.»

al. (in # 23) says: «Sea - level changes on very long time scales (250 My) are related to the assembly and breakup of supercontinents».

Not exact matches

«At that scale, it would take a very long time to scan devices made with MOFs, which are typically about a millimeter squared in size.»

However, this change does not last long, as the material goes back to its original state on a very fast time scale.

Fossil fuels, while theoretically renewable on a very long time - scale, are exploited at rates that may deplete these resources in the near future.

While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»

We are very impressed by Fred Kavli's design of these new awards, which span from the very grand scale of astrophysics to the microscopic level of nanotechnology, and to the level in between: the brain - no doubt the most complex organ created by the biological evolution over a very, very long time... billions of years.

I think it would take my students a very long time (say 3 weeks) to accomplish something like this even scaled down a lot.

2007 Existencias, Musac, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León, Léon Some kind of Portrait, Marc Selwyn Fine Art, Los Angeles, CA Size Matters: XS, Recent Small - Scale Paintings, HVCCA, Hudson Valley Center for Contemporary Art, Peekskill, NY Joy Feasley & Clare Rojas: Pow - Wows or The Long Lost Friend, Locks Gallery, Philadelphia, PA Silly Adults, Galleri Nicolai Wallner, Copenhagen Very Abstract and Hyper Figurative, Thomas Dane Gallery, London Panic Room, Works from The Dakis Joannou Collection, Deste Foundation, Centre for Contemporary Art, Athens In The Fullness of Time: The Luggage Store 20 Year Anniversary Exhibition, San Francisco, CA

I had felt inhibited for a very long time over the scale on which I could work.

At longer (decadal) time scales, the models still show very similar results (which makes sense since we anticipate that the tropical atmospheric physics involved in the trend should be similar to the physics involved at the monthly and interannual timescales).

(1) The «fast response» component of the climate system, consisting of the atmosphere coupled to a mixed layer upper ocean, has very little natural variability on the decadal and longer time scale.

While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»

Temperatures over that period varied probably by less than 2 deg C, so the climate during which we developed our way of life was very consistent when compared with the long - term geological time scale.

There's a lot of commonality to the changes, not only on long (million - year) time scales but even on very brief (100,000 - year) time scales as well (interesting to refer to 100,000 - year time scales as «brief»).

As with other recent Arctic fires in permafrost or near permafrost zones, areas well below the surface soil zone are involved, resulting in risk of a very intense, long time - scale event:

The long time scale for this recovery arises because ozone depleting gases such as chlorofluorocarbons are only removed from the atmosphere by natural processes at very slow rates.

I'm very convinced that the physical process of global warming is continuing, which appears as a statistically significant increase of the global surface and tropospheric temperature anomaly over a time scale of about 20 years and longer and also as trends in other climate variables (e.g., global ocean heat content increase, Arctic and Antarctic ice decrease, mountain glacier decrease on average and others), and I don't see any scientific evidence according to which this trend has been broken, recently.

The fact that air in fact conducts heat just like the silver, and that if you wait for equilibrium — whether or not it actually takes a very long time on a human scale to get there — the equilibrium reached will be isothermal or violate the second law, in particular by manifestly not being the maximum entropy state of the system.

The time scales of stock turnover vary enormously between different economic sectors, but appear to be very long for most greenhouse - gas emitting sectors.

Estimates of this rate and the corresponding time - scale for either ice sheet range from more rapid (several centuries for several metres of sea - level rise, up to 1 m / century) to slower (i.e., a few millennia; Meehl et al., 2007 Section 10.7.4.4; Vaughan and Spouge, 2002), so that deglaciation is very likely to be completed long after it is first triggered.

Widespread deglaciation would not be reversible except on very long time - scales, if at all (Meehl et al., 2007 Sections 10.7.4.3 and 10.7.4.4).

Although the trend line for the period since 1850s is a straight line, in a longer time scale, it is part of a very long curve that contains the Little Ice Age, Medieval Climatic Optimum, Holocene Maximum, etc..

Another paper in Climate Change in 2007 stated: Studies that have looked at hemispheric and global scales conclude that any urban - related trend is an order of magnitude smaller than decadal and longer time - scale trends evident in the series (e.g., Jones et al., 1990; Peterson et al., 1999)... Thus, the global land warming trend discussed is very unlikely to be influenced significantly by increasing urbanization (Parker, 2006).

Climate threshold - The point at which external forcing of the climate system, such as the increasing atmospheric concentration of heat - trapping gases (greenhouse gas es), triggers a significant climatic or environmental event which is considered unalterable, or recoverable only on very long time - scales, such as widespread bleaching of corals or a collapse of oceanic circulation systems.

That you have characterised their cause as magnification of small changes by system interactions doesn't rebut this view — time scale is a very slippery customer and finding the most accurate time fit for cycles of complex interactions is likely to take much longer than 30 years (the preferred time grab so far for AGW modeling)

There has not been shown to be a density variation of significance that correlates with average temperature variation (e.g, the recent high average temperature came from a small very hot area over the ocean and a small northern area, and more normal to even colder temperatures everywhere else, not global temperatures being warmer), and Solar activity has been shown to correlate very well with much of the long term (thousands of years time scale) global temperature trend.

Maldives and other very low profile islands will have their own 9/11 scale events to experience and report but that will happen on a much longer time frame than diminished stream flow due to melting glaciers (e.g., Himalayan glaciers) and minimal snowpack with early melt.

To the extent that we are a world - altering species — and I do think it's pretty clear that we've been at this project for a very long time — what makes us very destructive, unfortunately, is our capacity to change things on a time scale that is orders of magnitude faster than other creatures can evolve to deal with.

The impact of land use change on the energy and water balance may be very significant for climate at regional scales over time periods of decades or longer.

[We didn't do so] because on time scales longer than 2 - 3 years, these do not seem to matter very much.

Electric cars have existed for a very long time, but unlike fossil fuel - powered cars, they stayed at the pre-Model T stage (no mass production, no economies of scale, no massive R&D;).