Sentences with phrase «via dynamic effects»

The estimated 2010 or 2011 surface mass imbalance (~ 300 Gt / yr) is comparable to the GRACE estimates of the total mass loss (which includes ice loss via dynamic effects such as the speeding up of outlet glaciers) of 248 ± 43 Gt / yr for the years 2005 - 2009 Chen et al, 2011.