system or
via Perkins (whereby the money originated from banks who backed the loans, changes made in 2010 made DOE the lender and holder of the notes, making the borrower a pawn of the
Federal Government); in order for the borrower to get into REPAYE they must agree to a
consolidation and convert those loans into a Direct Loan (William D. Ford Direct Loan Program - owned and operated by the DOE in Washington, DC).