Children who experienced severe peer
victimization were more than twice
as likely to report depression or low moods at
age 15 compared with those who experienced low or no
victimization, and 3 times more likely to report anxiety.
As a result, they tend to spend more time onlooking (watching other
children without joining) and hovering on the edge of social groups.8, 11 There is some evidence to suggest that young depressive
children also experience social impairment.12 For example,
children who display greater depressive symptoms are more likely to be rejected by peers.10 Moreover, deficits in social skills (e.g., social participation, leadership) and peer
victimization predict depressive symptoms in childhood.13, 14 There is also substantial longitudinal evidence linking social withdrawal in childhood with the later development of more significant internalizing problems.15, 16,17 For example, Katz and colleagues18 followed over 700
children from early childhood to young adulthood and described a pathway linking social withdrawal at
age 5 years — to social difficulties with peers at
age 15 years — to diagnoses of depression at
age 20 years.
Types of Adolescent Exposure to Violence
as Predictors of Adult Intimate Partner Violence Menard, Weiss, Franzese, & Covey (2014)
Child Abuse and Neglect, 38 (4) View Abstract Examines the relationship of adolescent physical abuse
victimization, witnessing parental violence, and adolescent exposure to violence in the community to the perpetration of and
victimization by IPV in middle
age.