To find out how this changed the sounds produced, Bart de Boer of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands created artificial
vocal tracts from shaped plastic tubes.
Not exact matches
The negative side is that cepstral coefficients reflect the geometry of the human
vocal tract, but we are not too different
from one another, so the system tends to make false hits,» says Peter French
from the University of York, president of the International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) and director of J.P. French Associates, the main forensic phonetics company in the U.K. «I believe that automatic systems should be combined with human intervention,» French says.
The
vocal tract — the «pipe» between the voice box and the mouth — has a series of resonance frequencies (R1, R2, R3, et cetera), which provide an effective transfer of acoustic power
from the vibrating
vocal folds to the surrounding air.
The team computed the sounds and frequencies these monkeys could, in theory, produce
from the 99
tract configurations they saw, and compared them with those made by human
vocal tracts (Science Advances, DOI: 10.1126 / sciadv.1600723).
For four decades, the inability of nonhuman primates to produce human speech sounds has been claimed to stem
from limitations in their
vocal tract anatomy, a conclusion based on plaster casts made
from the
vocal tract of a monkey cadaver.
As a vigorous outdoorsman, Roosevelt was a proud,
vocal champion of the first phase of U.S. environmentalism: conservation, aimed at protecting
tracts of wild land
from industrialization.